Autonomic Nervous System 1

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In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of the eyes?

N III

In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls salivation?

N. IX

In the parasympathetic nervous system, which nerve controls constriction of trachea and bronchi

N. X

In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do?

Constrict

In the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do?

Constriction of trachea and bronchi

n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do?

n the parasympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do?

Increased motility and secretions, promoting digestion, relaxation of the sphincters

n the parasympathetic nervous system, what do the arteries and veins do?

Decreased blood pressure and redistribution of blood flow toward the GI tract

Where do the parasympathetic nerves originate?

N. III, VII, IX and X, and sacral (S2 and S4) sections of the spinal cord

In the parasympathetic nervous system, where are the ganglia or plexuses in relation to the end organs?

Close to the end organs

In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons long or short?

Long

In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons long or short?

Short

In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the pre-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated?

Mostly myelinated

In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the post-ganglionic neurons myelinated or unmyelinated?

Generally unmyelinated

What neurotransmitter does the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter does the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release?

acetylcholine

What are the muscarinic effects on the parasympathetic nerves?

SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia)

Which is longer, parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves?

sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves

Which is shorter parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves or sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves?

parasympathetic post-ganglionic nerves

Why are parasympathetic nervous transmissions faster?

The pre-ganglionic nerve is longer and myelinated, therefore the signal travels most of the distance on the myelinated nerve, which is faster.

Which symptoms would you expect if parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

SLUDGE-BBB (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation/diaphoresis, GastroEmesis, Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia), Except diaphoresis

Which symptoms would you expect if the parasympathetic nervous system is blocked?

Dry mouth (decreased salivation), urinary retention, constipation, overheating (decreased sweating), increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, less mucous production

A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. Is this combination likely?

Yes, SLUDGE-BBB, so it is stimulation of the parasympathetic system

A child ate a drug and shows bradychardia, miosis, diarrhea, and salivation. What type of drug was it?

Muscarinic agonist

A child ate some berries and shows tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth and diarrhea. Is this possible?

No, the diarrhea is not consistent

In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the pupils do?

Dilate (to see better)

In the sympathetic nervous system, what do the lungs do?

Relaxation of trachea and bronchi to facilitate respiration

n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the heart rate do?

Increased heart rate and force of beating

n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the stomach and intestines do?

Decreased motility and sphincter constriction

n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the arteries and veins do?

vasoconstriction in the viscera and skin; vasodilation in skeletal muscle

Where do the sympathetic nerves originate?

T1 to T12, L1, and L2

n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the sweat glands do?

increased secretion

n the sympathetic nervous system, what do the piloerctor muscles do?

Constriction

n the sympathetic nervous system, what does the adipose tissue do?

Increased lipolysis

What vertebrate are included in the paravertebral chain?

T1-L2

What vertebrate are included in the prevertebral chain?

1-3

In the sympathetic nervous system, what does the metabolism do?

Where do the sympathetic nerves synapse?

In paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia, or in adrenal medulla

What neurotransmitter do the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release?

acetylcholine

What neurotransmitter do the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves release?

Norepinephrine

What is the dominant nervous system branch in the heart, and what is the effect?

Parasympathetic, decreased heart rate

What is the dominant nervous system branch in the bronchi, and what is the effect?

Parasympathetic, constricted

What is the dominant nervous system branch in the ciliary muscle and what is the effect?

Parasympathetic, accommodation

What is the dominant nervous system branch in the veins and arterioles and what is the effect?

Sympathetic, constriction of the visceral and skin, dilation of the skeletal

What is the dominant nervous system branch in the GI tract and what is the effect?

Parasmpathetic, increased motility

Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic nervous symptom is stimulated by a drug?

Increased bp; tachycardia; accommodation; decreased motility, salivation, urination, bronchodilation, increased sweating, higher inotropy, dilation of veins in skeletal muscle, constriction of veins in viscera and skin, mydriasis,

Which symptoms would you expect if the sympathetic NS is blocked by a drug?

Decrease in bp, decrease in heart rate, difficulty breathing, diarrhea

Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic terminals?

norephinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is released by most preganglionic sympathetic terminals?

acetylcholine

What does activation of the parsympathetic nevous system do to blood pressure?

It activates the orthostatic reflex

What is the orthostatic reflex?

BP low at the baroreceptors causes activation of the sypathetic nervous system, heart rate increase and conractility increase and vasoconstriction of the skin, causing bp to rise

What is orthostatic hypotension?

The orthostatic reflex does not kick in and you get dizzy and may faint

Which nervouse system couse salivation and secretion of digestive juices when you smell food?

parasympathetic

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in the parsympathetic division of the ANS?

acetylcholine

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

acetylcholine