| Question |
 |
|
| Answer |
|
|
| What types of neurotransmitter channels contain a cation channel? |
acetylcholine and glutamate |
| What types of chloride channel contains a chlorine channel and is usally inhibitory? |
GABA-A receptor, glycine receptors |
| How can GPCRs regulate ion channels |
By opening of K+ channels, or closing of Ca++ channels (M2 and M4) |
| How can GPCRs indirectly reluate ion concentrations? |
Through changing PLC activity (alpha 1, M1, M3, and M5) |
| How can GPCRs affect muscle contraction and exoctyosis? |
By regulating cAMP levels (alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2) |
| Axon hillocks sum signals over _______ and ___________ to send a signal once the depolarization becomes enough. |
space and time |
| Synapses close to the soma have _____ effects on producing an action potential. |
Bigger |
| What causes the pacemaker cells of the heat and GI tract to fire regularly without outside input? |
Na+ leak channels |
| What does th efrequencey of the firing of the pacemaker cells depend upon? |
How quickly the cell reaches the threshold potential |
| What are the adrenergic receptors? |
alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 |
| What are the acetylcholine receptors? |
nicotinic and muscarinic |
| Which is the system that controls flight or fight? |
Sympathetic Nervous System |
| Which is the nervouse system that is rest and diges? |
Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| "Anxiety and attention" would describe which nervous system? |
Sympathetic Nervous System |
| "Relaxation and pleasure" would describe which nervous system? |
Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| Where are the auotonomic nerous system control centers located? |
Cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Which center of the brain controls emothions, autonomic functions, and hormone production? |
Hypothalamus |
| Which center of the brain are the relay and processing centers for sensory information location? |
Thalamus |
| Where in the brain are the autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function? |
Medulla oblongata |
| Visceral functions include ___________, _________, and ____________ ___________ activities. |
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive system |
| Where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic centers locataed? |
in the hypothalamus |
| List the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. |
Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Where are the respiratory and cardiovasculator autonomic cneters locatedn? |
In the medulla |
| When system innervates smooth muscle? |
Autonomic Nervous System |
| Where is the presynaptic terminal of the preganglionic neuron located? |
In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion |
| Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the postanglionic neuron located? |
In the symapthetic or parasympathetic ganglion |
| Where is the presynaptic terminal of thepostganglionic neuron located? |
In the organ |
| Where is the postsynaptic termianl of the preganlionic neuron located? |
In the lateral horn. |
| For skeletal muscle, how many neurons are there? |
1 somatic motor neuron |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to skeletal muscle? |
acetylcholine |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganlionic transmitter to the blood vessels? |
Norepinephrine |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the pregangionic neuron in the sympathetic system? |
Acetylcholine |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic sytem to the sweat glands and the adrenal medulla? |
Acetylcholine |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the preganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system? |
Acetylcholine |
| What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic nervous system? |
Acetylcholine |
| In which nerve is the signal faster, preganglionic or postganglionic? |
Preganglionic |
| Dopamine comes from which amino acid? |
Tyrosine |
| Epinephrine produces which neurotransmitter? |
None, epinephrine comes from norepinephrine |
| Norepinephrine produces which neurotransmitter? |
Epinephrine |
| What is the precursor to norephinephrine? |
Dopamine |
| Dopamine produces ___________ and ________. |
Norepinephrine and the epinephrine |
Poultry
