digestive system
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| absorption | taking in nutrients needed across membranes
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| accessory glands | glands that food does not directly pass through but are involved directly in digestion
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| acid chyme | a mizture of food, water, and gastric juice
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| anus | outlet of the digestive tube
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| appendix | a finger like projection from cecum in large intestine involved in immune system
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| bile | contains bile salts to aid in emulsification of fats, it is stored in the gallbladder
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| bolus | the food ball the tongue forms for swallowing
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| capillaries | microscopic vessels that carry blood where nutrients and gasses are exchanged
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| cardiac sphincter | a ring of muscle located at top of stomach and prevents acid from going up to the esophagus
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| columnar cells | pillar shaped cells that line the digestive tract designed for absorption
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| colon | the large intestine
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| digestion | the physical and chemical break down of food for the body
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| duodenum | the first part of small intestine where the bile duct and pancreatic duct enter
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| E. coli bacteria | useful inhabitants of human colon that help break down undigested food, and produce gas, vitamins, and growth factors
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| elimination | getting rid of undigested waste
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| emulsifies | keeps fat in suspension by breaking fat globs into tiny droplets
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| epiglottis | a flap that covers the trachea when swallowing prevents food from entering the trachea
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| esophagus | tube that conducts food from pharynx down to stomach
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| fatty acid | a long carbon atom chain with an acid group at one end one of the building blocks of fat
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| gall bladder | a sack under the liver that stores and concentrates bile
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| gastric juice | an acidic digestive fluid in the stomach with a pH of 2-3, used to convert pepsinogen to pepsin
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| glucagon | a hormone made by the pancreas that causes glycogen in the liver to release glucose and increase blood sugar
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| gluconeogenesis | process that converts amino acids into sugars in the liver
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| glycerol | a 3 carbon molecule the building block of fat three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecule to form a neutral fat
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| glycogen | a 3 carbon molecule the building block of fat three fatty acids are attached to a glycerol molecule to form a neutral fat a storage for glucose in the liver and muscles
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| growth factors | a protein that is present for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells
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| hemoglobin | iron containing pegment that combines with and transports oxygen around the body
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| hydrochloric acid | acid that is found in gastric juice in stomach
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| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas to decrease blood sugar by increasing the uptake of glucose through a cell membrane
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| islets of langerhans | the cells in pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon
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| lacteals | lymph vessels in villus of intestine wall of mammals that absorbs fat
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Created by:
blair heppner
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