Politics in the Gilded Age (267)
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| Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner wrote this novel, whose characters find that getting rich quick is much harder than they expected | The Gilded Age
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| What are political machines? | an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and offered services that people paid for
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| Political Machines were organized into pyramids, who was in the pyramid from base to top? | Local precinct workers and captains (blocks or neighborhoods) ward bosses (a few neighborhoods) city boss (a whole city). each reported to the next higher in rank
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| Most political machines were well intentioned, they controlled access to business liscenses, courts, and municipal job. what kinds of things did they fund? | parks, sewersystems, waterworks, schools, orphanages, hospitals
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| Why did city bosses try to the best for their people? (not money) | reinsure voters to re-elect them, and extend their influence
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| many captains and precinct workers were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants, why was this a good thing? | they could understand the problems immigrants were going through, and help them with naturalization
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| What was the main reason precinct workers and captains wanted to help people? | so they could live the American Dream and work their way from the bottom to the top
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| What were the 3 ways political machines began to corrupt? | election fraud, graft (using political influence for personal gain) and accepting bribes from businessmen and police
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| Who was the Political machine in New York who told the citizens they were paying for a 13 million courthouse that was actually 3 mill, and kept the extra money for himself? | William "Boss" Tweed
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| Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist who inspired outrage over Boss Tweed's graft. eventually Boss was arrested, but escaped from jail. how did they find him? | He fled to Spain where officials identified him from a Thomas Nast cartoon
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| What was patronage? What did reformfers wish to change about patronage? | patronage was the modern version spoils system, reformers wanted people to be elected on experience and beliefs, not on who they knew or how much they paid
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| Hayes couldn't pass any bils against patronage so what did he do? | elected indpendents into his cabinet and fired two customhouse officials who had been elected under patronage
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| Who are stalwarts and reformers. which officials were elected to office in the 1880 election? | reformers did not support patronage, stalwarts did. Garfield was close to reformers, and his VP was a stalwart
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| Hayes was ironically shot by who? | a supporter of his who was expecting to obtain a cabinet position
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| What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act say? | it made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system and prohibited politicians from hassling employees for donations
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| Democrats opposed high tariffs (what businesses wanted) who was the first democrat elected to the presidency in 28 years? | Grover Cleveland
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| After Cleveland, Harrison (a republican) was elected. who were his main supporters/donation givers | businesses who basically "bought" him so he could raise tariffs, which he did
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