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Study for final

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
excess blood in any part   hyperemia/congestion  
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purposefully put in a body part by the arterial system   active hyperemia  
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results from normal everyday body function, as in exercise or digestion   physiological active hyperemia  
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results from an injury or disease process, as in an area of inflammation due to infarction (abnormal)   pathological active hyperemia  
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occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased   passive hyperemia  
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passive hyperemia is always ____   pathological  
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causes of passive hyperemia   - blood clot - vascular swelling (thickening of vessel walls) - pressure from a lesion  
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generalized hyperemia is usually a result of a ___ ___   heart disorder  
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blood settling to the dependent parts of the body due to faulty circulation and caused by reduced pressure from the heart   hypostatic congestion  
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a bluish color seen in the tissues caused by diminished blood flow   cyanosis  
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solid mass or blood clot in the heart or vascular system   thrombus  
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reasons for thrombosis   1. injury to heart or blood vessels 2. diseases of the blood 3. slow blood  
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Where can thrombosis occur?   anywhere in the vascular or venous system  
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thrombus that partially occludes the lumen   parietal thrombus  
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thrombus that completely occludes the lumen   obstructive thrombus  
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thrombus that leads to ischemia or decrease of blood flow   arterial thrombus  
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thrombus that leads to passive hyperemia or gangrene   venous thrombus  
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condition when a clot or fragment of a clot floats through the blood system, causing an obstruction of the vessel   embolism  
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a clot or fragment of a clot that floats through the blood system   embolus  
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an embolus can also be...   1. clumps of bacteria, parasites or tumors 2. fat globules 3. foreign particles 4. air or gas bubbles  
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inflammation of a vein due to some disease irritation   phelbitis  
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decreased blood flow to a part of the body   ischemia  
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causes of ischemia   1. atherosclerosis 2. embolism  
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the thickening of vascular walls usually due to disease   atherosclerosis  
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an area to be supplied with blood dies without that supply   infarction  
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aka infarction   ischemic necrosis  
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aka ischemic necrosis   infarction  
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usually refers to a very brief brain attack that leaves no permanent damage or cellular damage (mini-stroke)   transient ischemia attack (TIA)  
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chest pain due to the infarction at the heart   angina  
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bed sores caused by a lack of blood flow to the skin   decubitus ulcers  
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ischemic necrosis in an extremity   gangrene  
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___ gangrene is not really gangrene at all, but ischemic necrosis   dry  
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dry gangrene is not really gangrene at all, but ___ ___   ischemic necrosis  
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example of dry gangrene   frostbite  
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necrotic tissue which has been invaded by saprophytic bacteria   moist/true gangrene  
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cause of moist/true gangrene   disturbance of venous return & saprophytic bacteria  
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embalmer's nightmare   gas gangrene  
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TB mycobacterium whoch forms a white frothy substance, cottage cheese-like purging from the mouth   caseous gangrene  
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escape of blood from the vascular system   hemorrhage  
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hemorrhage in which blood bursts from the vessel   rupture/rhexis  
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hemorrhage in which blood drips from a small opening in the vessel   hemorrhage per dispedesis  
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tiny pin-point hemorrhages   petechiae  
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large, irregular, circumscribed & localized bruise   ecchymosis  
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non-circumscribed widespread areas of purple bruising into the skin or mucous membranes (intact vessels)   purpura  
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tumor-like swelling with blood   hematoma  
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blood blister   hematoma  
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dark tarry feces or vomit due to release of blood into the GI tract   melena  
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bleeding in the thorax or pleural cavity   hemothorax  
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bleeding in the pericardial cavity   hemopericardium  
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bleeding in the abdominal cavity   hemoperitoneum  
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blood in the vomit   hematemesis  
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blood in the spit   hemoptysis  
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bleeding from the schnozola   epitaxis  
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the normal process of blood forming into a semi-solid state   coagulation  
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hypo perfusion or reduced oxygen flow to the tissues   circulatory shock  
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signs of circulatory shock   1. depressed vessels 2. state of collapse 3. low blood pressure 4. cold & clammy skin  
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fainting or mild form of shock   syncope  
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shock due to lack of blood volume   hypovolemic  
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shock from a heart attack   cardiogenic  
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shock from blood infection   septic  
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shock from emotional trauma   neurogenic  
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an excess of body fluid in the tissues of the body   edema  
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an extravascular condition where the excess fluid is not returning to the lymph system or the capillaries   edema  
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causes of edema   1. heart failure 2. obstruction 3. increased capillary permeability 4. decreased osmotic pressure  
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widespread edema   anasarca  
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edema around a site of inflammation   exudate  
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edema of the pleural cavity   hydrothorax  
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edema of the pericardium   hydropericardium  
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edema of the peritoneal cavity   ascites  
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dessication   dehydration  
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total decrease in body fluids   dehydration  
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causes of dehydration   1. high temps (febrile disease) 2. high environmental temps 3. Gi diseases 4. glandular diseases  
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embalming implication associated with circulatory disorders   1. diminished circulation 2. dehydration/emaciation 3. hemorrhage 4. rapid decomp 5. abscesses  
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blood cells without a nucleus   agranulocytes  
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blood cells with a nucleus   granuocytes  
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turns into fibrin or sticky strands of networks to form a clot   fibrinogen  
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erythrocytes containing hemoglobin   erythroblasts  
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a condition which brings about reduction below normal in the red blood cells or normal hemoglobin   anemia  
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literally means "no blood"   anemia  
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symptoms of anemia   lack of oxygen causing tiredness and dizziness  
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lifespan of red blood cells   120 days  
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cause of aplastic anemia   idiopathic (unknown)  
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anemia characterized by a lack of vitamin B-12   pernicious anemia  
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digestive problem associated with pernicious anemia   achlorhydria  
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anemia characterized by quick loss of blood, either externally or internally   hemorrhagic anemia  
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anemia characterized by some particular pathological event that accelerates the destruction of red blood cells   hemolytic anemia  
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