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surgery terminology

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
a, an-   without or not  
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ante-   before  
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anti-   against  
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dys-   difficult, disordered, painful  
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ecto-   exterior  
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endo-   interior  
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hyper-   above  
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hypo-   below  
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intra-   within, during  
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post-   after  
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pre-   before  
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retro-   behind  
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al-   pertaining to  
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cleisis-   closure, occlusion  
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desis-   fusion  
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ectomy-   surgical excision of  
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itis-   inflammation  
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lysis-   freeing of, reduction of  
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oma-   tumor or neoplasm  
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orrhaphy-   repair of  
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oscopy-   examine an organ by viewing  
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ostomy-   creation of an opening  
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otomy-   cutting into  
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pexy-   fix or suture into place  
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plasty-   restorative or reconstruction procedure  
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ectomy-   excision of  
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adeno-   gland  
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arthro-   joint  
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blepharo-   eyelid  
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cardi-   heart  
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chole-   gall  
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cholecyst-   gallbladder  
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col-   colon  
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colpo-   vagina  
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cranio-   skull  
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cysto-   urinary bladder  
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dent-   tooth  
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derma-   skin  
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dermato-   skin  
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entero-   intestines  
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gastro-   stomach  
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hema-, hemo-   blood  
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hemato-   blood  
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hepato-   liver  
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hystero-   uterus  
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jejun-   second part of small intestine  
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lamin-   posterior vertebral arch  
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mast-   breast  
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myo-   muscle  
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nephro-   kidney  
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neuro-   nerve  
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oophor-   ovary  
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ophthalm-   eye  
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orchio-   testicle  
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os-   opening or mouth; also, bone  
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ot-   ear  
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pharyng-   throat  
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phleb-   vein  
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pneumo-   lung  
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procto-   anus  
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prostate-   prostate gland  
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pyelo-   pelvis of kidney  
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rhino-   nose  
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salping-   fallopian tube  
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spermato-   semen  
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splanchno-   viscera  
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teno-   tendon  
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thoraco-   chest  
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trachel-   neck of uterus  
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tracheo-   trachea, windpipe  
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ureter, uretero-   tube from kidney  
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urethra-   tube from bladder  
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vas-   vessel or duct  
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Arthrotomy   joint  
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Adenoidectomy   Adenoids  
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Adrenalectomy   Adrenal gland  
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Appendectomy   Appendix  
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Cecectomy   Cecum  
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Cholecystectomy   Gallbladder  
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Coccygectomy   Coccyx  
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Colectomy   Colon  
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Craniectomy   Skull  
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Cystectomy   Urinary bladder  
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Embolectomy   Embolus  
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Esophagectomy   Esophagus  
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Fistulectomy   Fistula  
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Ganglionectomy   Ganglion  
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Gastrectomy   Stomach  
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Glomectomy,   excision of a glomus  
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Carotid   Carotid body  
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Hemicolectomy   Half of colon  
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Hemorrhoidectomy   Hemorrhoids  
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Hydrocelectomy   Hydrocele  
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Hypophysectomy   Pituitary gland  
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Hysterectomy   Uterus  
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Laminectomy   Posterior vertebral arch  
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Laryngectomy   Larynx  
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Lobectomy   Lobe of lung or liver  
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Mastectomy   Breast  
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Mastoidectomy   Mastoid Cell  
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Myomectomy   Muscle tumor  
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Nephrectomy   Kidney  
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Neurectomy   Nerve  
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Orchiectomy or Oophorectomy   Ovary  
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Orchidectomy   Testicle  
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Pancreatectomy   Pancreas  
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Pericardiectomy   Pericardium  
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Pneumonectomy   Lung  
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Polypectomy   Polyp  
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Prostatectomy   Prostate gland  
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Salpingectomy   Fallopian tube  
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Salpingo   oophorectomy  
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Sequestrectomy   Necrotic bone  
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Splenectomy   Spleen  
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Stapedectomy   Staples  
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Sympathectomy   Sympathetic nerve  
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Thromboendarterectomy   Clot and lining of artery  
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Thyroidectomy   Thyroid gland  
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Tonsillectomy   Tonsils  
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Hepatotomy   Liver  
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Hysterotomy   Uterus  
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Laparotomy   Abdominal cavity  
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Arthrotomy   Joint  
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Cardiotomy   Heart  
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Cholecystotomy   Gallbladder  
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Choledochotomy   Common bile duct  
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Cholelithotomy   Gallbladder to remove stone  
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Chordotomy   Spinal cord  
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Colpotomy   Vagina  
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Commissurotomy   Cusps of heart valve  
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Craniotomy   Brain  
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Duodenotomy   Duodenum  
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Lithotomy   Duct or organ to remove stone  
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Myringotomy   Duct Tympanic membrane  
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Osteotomy   Bone  
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Phlebotomy   Vein  
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Pyelolithotomy   Kidney to remove stone  
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Pyloromyotomy   Muscle of pylorus of stomach  
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Scalenotomy   Scaleni muscles  
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Sphincterotomy   Sphincter muscle  
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Thoracotomy   Chest  
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Tracheotomy   Trachea  
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Vagotomy   Vagus nerve  
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Valvulotomy   Heart Valve  
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Coloporrhaphy   Vagina  
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Arthoplasty   Joint  
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Blepharoplasty   Eyelid  
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Colpoplasty   Vagina  
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Herniaplasty   Hernia  
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Pyloroplasty   Pylorus or stomach  
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Rhinoplasty   Nose  
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Salpingoplasty, Tuboplasty   Fallopian tube  
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Thoracoplasty   Chest  
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Tympanoplasty   Middle ear  
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Z-plasty   Skin  
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Antrostomy   Nosoantral window  
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Herniorrhaphy   Hernia  
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Perinerorrhaphy   Perineum  
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Tenorrhaphy   Tendon  
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Arthroscopy   joint  
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Cholecystoenterostomy   Gallbladder and intestine  
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Cholecystojejunostomy   Gallbladder and jejunum  
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Choledochojejunostomy   Common bile duct and jejunum  
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Choledochostomy   Common bile duct  
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Colostomy   Colon  
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Duodenoduodenostomy   Two portions of duodenum  
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Enterostomy   Intestine  
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Gastroenterostomy   Stomach and intestine  
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Gastrojejunostomy   Stomach and jejunum  
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Ileostomy   Ileum  
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Jejunostomy   Jejunum  
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Nephrostomy   Kidney  
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Thoracostomy   Chest  
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Tracheostomy   Trachea  
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Ureterosigmoidostomy   Ureter and sigmoid colon  
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Hysteropexy   Uterus  
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Bronchoscopy   Lung  
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Choledochoscopy   Common bile duct  
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Colonoscopy   Colon from ileocecal valve to anus  
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Colposcopy   Vagina and cervix  
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Culdoscopy   Cul-de-sac to retrouterine space  
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Cystoscopy   Urinary bladder  
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Esophagoscopy   Esophagus  
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Gastroscopy   Stomach  
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Laparoscopy   Abdominal and pelvic organs  
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Laryngoscopy   Larynx  
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Mediastinoscopy   Mediastinal spaces in chest cavity  
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Nephroscopy   Kidney  
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Peritoneoscopy   Peritoneum  
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Proctoscopy   Anus  
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Sigmoidoscopy   Sigmoid colon and rectum  
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Urethroscopy   Urethra  
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Nephropexy   Kidney  
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Orchiopexy or Orchidopexy   Testicle  
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Salpingopexy   Fallopian tube  
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Ureteropexy   Ureter  
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Abdominoperineal resection   Removal of rectum  
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Amputation   Removal of a portion or all of the arm or leg; excision of other appendage such as uterine cervix.  
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Anastomosis   Surgical joining of two organs or surfaces such as blood vessels or intestine  
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Arthodesis   Surgical fusion of a joint  
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Arthrodesis, triple   Surgical fusion of three joints of ankle  
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Biopsy   Removal of tissue for diagnostic purposes  
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Bypass graft   Surgical creation of a diversion for the bloodstream by suturing a graft to blood vessel so that blood bypasses an obstructed or weakened portion of the vessel.  
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Cesarean section   Abdominal delivery of infant via incision in uterus  
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Cauterization; conization   Use of electric current to destroy or remove tissue  
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Circumcision   Excision of foreskin of penis  
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Closure of colostomy   Closure of opening previously made in colon to empty bowel content outside abdomen.  
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D&C or D&E (Dilation and curettage or evacuation)   Operation to dilate uterine cervix and scrape lining of uterus or empty contents or uterus  
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Decompression   Surgical relief of pressure, such as intracranial  
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Disarticulation   Amputation of an arm or leg at a joint  
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Enucleation   Removal of eyeball  
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Episiotomy   Surgical incision into perineum to prevent tears during childbirth  
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Evisceration   Removal of viscera or internal organs; removal of contents of eyeball  
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Palliative operation   An operation done to relieve symptoms rather than cure  
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Pelvic exenteration   Radial removal of contents of pelvis  
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Portacaval shunt   Surgical creation of anastomosis between portal and caval veins  
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Skin graft   Transfer of skin from one site to another to improve function or appearance  
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Splenorenal shunt   Surgical creation of anastomosis between splenic and renal veins  
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T&A   Excision of tonsils and adenoids  
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Vein ligation and stripping   Tying off and removing a major blood vessel for treatment of varicose veins.  
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