WVSOM -- Airflow thru the Airways
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| What are the two factors controlling compliance? | elastic fibers and surface tension of the alveoli
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| How does surfactant aid breathing? | decreases surface tension increasing compliance, stabilizes alveoli and keeps lungs dry
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| What is compliance? | ease of inflation
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| What is the predominant resistance to air flow? | airway resistance
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| What makes up the 2 factors for airway resistance? | tissue resistance and airway resistance
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| How is overall airway resistance calculated? | from the pressure drop it creates
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| What is the equation for airway resistance? | Change in pressure/rate of airflow
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| What are the 3 types of airflow? | laminar, trubulent and transitional
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| What is laminar air flow? | air flow is in a straight line. Happens with slower airflow
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| Where is laminar air flow seen? | terminal bronchioles
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| Where is turbulent airflow? | trachea
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| Where is transitional air flow? | most of the lung, especially where airway divides
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| What is transitional air flow? | Transitional air flow is where airways divide and it changes
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| What does laminar flow resistance depend on? | radius and length
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| How is airway resistance proportional to radius? | the Radius is inversely proportional to radius(4)
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| How is resistance proportional to length? | it is proportional to length
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| Which has more air resistance? Turbulence or laminar flow? | turbulence
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| What increase the probability of turbulence? | high air flow and large airway diameter. Reynold’s number over 2000
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| What affects airway resistance besides pattern of air flow? | lung volume and bronchial smooth muscle tone
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| What happens to resistance as volume increases? | resistance decreases
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| How does lung volume affect the airway? | radial traction…increases the radius by stretching the elastic fibers
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| What factors affect bronchial smooth muscle tone? | parasympathetic stimulation, Beta 2 Stimulation and irritants
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| What does parasympathetic tone do to airway radius? | decreases it
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| What does B2 stimulation do to airways? | dilates them
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| What do irritants do to airways? | causes more restriction, histamine releases and smoke obstructs the airways
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| What are the 3 obstructive lung diseases? | chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema
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| What happens in chronic bronchitis? | hyper mucus secretion so the lung fills with mucus
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| What happens in asthma? | hyper-responsive smooth muscles so the airway gets narrower. Also hypertrophy so there is more muscle fibers
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| What happens in emphysema? | Loose elastic collagen so there is less radial traction and the airway stays expanded.
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| What is forced expiration? | compression of peripheral airways limits air flow
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| What controls air movement? | lung pressures
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| What is the transairway pressure? | the Airway pressure – Pleural pressure; net distending pressure.
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| What is the key thing that keeps the airway open? | the Transairway pressure
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| What is the transpulmonary pressure? | Alveolar pressure – Pleural pressure
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| What is the transairway pressure if the airway si open? | positive
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| What is the transairway pressure if the airway is compressed? | negative
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| During air flow, airway pressure is ___ alveolar pressure but _____ than mouth pressure. | greater than; less than
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| What is the transairway pressure during inspiration? | positive
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| What is the transairway pressure during passive expiration? | positive
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| How do you calculate alveolar pressure? | sum of intrapleural pressure and an elastic recoil pressure
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| What happens during forced expiration as far as pressure? | the transairway pressure switching from positive to negative.
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| What happens to pleural pressure during forced expiration? | increases and becomes positive
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| What happens to alveolar pressure during forced expiration? | increases
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| Why does airway collapse occur more readily at low lung volumes? | the airway pressure is lower
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| What does low lung volumes do to elastic recoil? | decreases it because alveolar and airway pressure is decreased
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| What happens to radial traction with low lung pressures? | the airway resistance goes up and the transairway pressure goes down causing it to decrease.
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| Why is there airway collapse in emphysema? | There is a decrease in elastic recoil causing a decrease in alveolar and transairway pressure and thereby increased airway resistance
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| What is P(aw)? | transairway pressure
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