Economics in the Gilded Age
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| Made a fortune in steel; founded U.S. Steel; philanthropist who advocated giving away wealth | Andrew Carnegie
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| A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies; outlawed restraint of trade | Sherman Antitrust Act
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| Theory that the economy does better without government intervention | Laissez-faire
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| Controlled the New York Central Railroad; made a fortune in steamships and railroads | Cornelius Vanderbilt
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| Founder of the Standard Oil Company | John D. Rockefeller
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| Insulting epithet for owners of big businesses who made large amounts of money by cheating their competitors and the government | Robber Barons
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| A form of monopoly when one person or company gains control of one aspect of an entire industry | Horizontal monopoly
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| Pioneered use of refrigerated train cars; expanded the meat industry | Gustavus Swift
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| Made tobacco a profitable crop in the South; Formed tobacco trust | James B. Duke
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| A form of monopoly that occurs when one person or company gains control of every step of the manufacturing process for a single product | Vertical monopoly
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| Firms or corporations that combine in a monopoly for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices | Trusts
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| Process for making steel stronger and cheaper | Bessemer
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| Highly protective tariff passed in 1880. It was so high that it caused a popular backlash which cost the Republicans votes | McKinley Tariff
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| Financier who arranged the merger that created US Steel Corporation and who arranged a $65 million loan to the government during the Depression of 1893 | J. P. Morgan
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