Vocabulary on Congress 4
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| The counting, every ten years, of the population of the US | Census
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| Reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives after the census | Reapportionment
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| The authority the Senate has to approve presidential nominees to be ambassadors, cabinet officials, or judges | "Advise and consent"
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| The specific powers for Congress that are spelled out in the Constitution | Enumerated powers
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| The redrawing of district boundaries within each state in states that are allotted a new number of representatives after the census | Redistricting
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| Those powers that derive from the Necessary and Proper (elastic) clause; most of what Congress actually does falls under these powers | Implied powers
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| Number of Representatives | 435
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| The section of the Constitution dealing with Congress | Article I
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| The practice of drawing legislative district boundaries with an eye toward creating a political advantage for a particular party | Gerrymandering
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| The total number in Congress | 535
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| Funds provided by the Congress for projects or programs getting around the merit-based or competitive allocation process and thus curtailing the ability of the Executive Branch to manage funds | Earmarks
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| The appropriation of spending for projects that are intended primarily to benefit particular constituents | Pork Barrel Spending
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| Landmark case in which the Supreme Court decided that redistricting was an issue that was justiciable and not simply a political question. It set the stage for the Supreme Court’s cases on reapportionment | Baker v. Carr
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| Supreme Court case which established that the use of race in redistricting must meet strict scrutiny | Shaw v. Reno
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| Established that cloture to a filibuster would take 60 votes | Rule 22
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| Packages together several measures into one or combines diverse subjects into a single bill. | Omnibus Bill
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| A private objection one or more senators may have to scheduling a matter or a nomination for debate. | Hold
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| Conducts non-partisan economic analysis and research and evaluates proposed bills and amendments, assessing their potential cost. | Congressional Budget Office or CBO
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| Audits federal agencies and programs for Congress | General Accounting Office or GAO
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| Provides the legal authority needed to spend or obligate U.S. Treasury funds. There are 13 of this that must be passed by October 1 or the government will shut down. | Appropriations
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| Provides the power for a program or agency to exist and determines its policy. It also recommends spending levels to carry out the defined policy, but these levels are not binding. These may be annual, multi-year, or permanent. | Authorization
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| Continues funding for a program if the fiscal year ends without a new appropriation in place | Continuing resolution
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| Laws set to expire unless specifically re-authorized by Congress. | Sunset legislation
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| Practice of consulting home-state senators on a nomination | Senatorial Courtesy
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| The number of members who must be present before business may be conducted. | Quorum
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| The House requires that amendments to a bill must be relevant or this unless a special rule is put in effect. The Senate does not require this for amendments to a bill and so amendments totally unrelated to a bill’s topic may be added. | Germane
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| An order from the House Rules Committee that permits certain kinds of amendments but bars others to be made into a bill on the floor | Restrictive rule
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| An order from the House Rules Committee that permits a bill to be amended on the floor | Open rule
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| An order from the House Rules Committee that sets a time limit on debate forbids a bill from being amended on the floor. | Closed Rule
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Created by:
betsynewmark