Enzymes 2
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| This enzyme phosphorylates phosphorylase in glycogenolysis | Phosphorylase kinase
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| Elevated cAMP binds to this enzyme and removes the inhibitory subunit | Protein Kinase A
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| Hydrolyzes glycogen | Phosphorylase
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| Remove phosphates on phosphorylase kinase and phsophorylase | Protein phsophatases
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| Activates IP3, DAG and Ca2+ | Phospholipase C
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| Stimulated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate 3 (IP3) | Protein kinase C
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| Cleaves phosphodiester bonds | Nuclease
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| A nuclease that cleaves at the end of a DNA strand and releases an dNMP | Exonuclease
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| Hydrolyze nucleotides at either the 3' end or 5' end | Exonuclease
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| Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 3' end | 3'->5' exonuclease
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| Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 5' end | 5'->3' exonuclease
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| Hydrolyze the phsophodiester bond in the middle of a DNA strand | Endonucleases
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| Restriction enzymes are what kind of enzyme? | Endonucleases
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| Forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' OH and 5' phosphate | DNA ligase
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| Unwinds DNA at the replication fork in E. coli | Helicase
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| Adds negative supercoils ahead of replication fork in E. coli | DNA gyrase
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| Synthesizes RNA Primer in E. coli | Primase
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| Synthesizes the bulk of the DNA in E. coli | DNA pol III
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| Removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps in E. coli | DNA pol I
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| Sealse the nicks in E. coli | DNA ligase
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| Requires a primer | DNA polymerase
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| Responsible for priming synthesis in human cells | DNA polymerase alpha
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| Synthesizes the bulk of both strands of DNA in human cells | DNA polymerase delta
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| Synthesizes a short stretch of RNA and then extens this RNA in human cells to prime replication | DNA polymerase alpha
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| Remove RNA and any incorrect DNA bases misincorporated by pol alpha in eukaryotic cells | RNAse H1 and Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1)
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| Move along the DNA backbone and scan for the presence of damaged bases | N-glycosidases and AP endonucleases
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| Recognizes the absent base and clips the phosphodiester backbone on the 5' side of the AP site | AP endonuclease
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| Recognizes AP sites that are created by ROS or formed spontaneously | AP endonuclease
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| Scan by "base flipping" | N-glycosidases
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| Removes a base if it recognizes damage to the base while "base flipping" | N-glycosidases
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| Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template |
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| Requires a DNA template, rNTPs and Mg++ | RNA polymerase
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| Shaped like a "crab claw" with the acitve site located at the base of the groove between the two "pincers" | RNA polymerase
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| Maintain negative supercoiling so that polymerase can move along the DNA strand in transcription | Topoisomerases
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| Transcribes ribosomal RNA genes (with the exception of 5S RNA) in eukaryotes | RNA pol I
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| Transcribes mRNAs and some small RNAs involved in splicing in eukaryotes | RNA pol II
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| Transcribes tRNAs, 5S RNA and various small RNAs involved in splicing and RNA processing in eukaryotes | RNA pol III
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| Forms a peptide bond between the P site peptide (carboxyl group) and the A site amino acid (NH3 group) | Peptidyltransferase
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| Rate-limiting step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway | Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase (GPDH)
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| Rate-limiting step of the glycolysis | Phosphofructokinase
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| Allow for interconversion of diasteromers | Epimerase
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| Transfers a 3-carbon fragment from one sugar to another | Transaldolase
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| Transfers a 2-carbon frament from one sugar to another | Transketolase
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| Makes citrate from OAA and acetyl-CoA | Citrate synthase
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| Reduces OAA to malate | Malate dehydrogenase
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| Decarboxylates malate to pyruvate and generates NADPH | Malic enzyme
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| Rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis (requires biotin) | Acetyl CoA carboxylase
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| Presence of these enzymes in the liver are indicative of liver disease | Alanine aminotransferase (ALP/SGPT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
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| Increased levels of this enzyme in the blood is indicative of heart disease or myocardial infaction | Creatine kinase
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| Fluorouracil is a suicide inhibitor of this enzyme | Thymidylate synthase
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