Genital System
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| What is the key to sexual dimorphism? | Y chromosome (SRY gene is the master gene that influences male development)
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| Gonads do not acquire male or female characteristics until when? | 7th week
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| Germ cells arrive in the gonadal ridges when? | 6th week
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| if the embryo is genetically male, the primitive sex cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into the medulla forming what? | Testis/medullary cords
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| Near the hilum, the medullary cords break up into thin stands that become what? | Rete testis
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| What is the dense layer of connective tissue that separates the medullary cords from the surface epithelium? | Tunica albuginea
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| In the 4th month the testis cords become horseshoe-shaped. The ends of the cord are continuous with what? | Rete testis
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| What influences differentiation of the genital ducts and external genitalia? | Testosterone
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| Testis cords are solid until puberty when they develop a lumen and become what? | Seminiferous tubules
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| The seminiferous tubules connect to what? | Rete testis
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| The rete testis connects to what? | Ductuli efferentes
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| Ductuli are derived from what? | Remaining excretory tubules of the mesonephros
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| The ductuli efferentes connects to what? | Wolffian duct (becomes the epididymis)
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| At the distal end of the ductus deferens develops an outpouching that becomes what? | Seminal vesicle
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| Where do the ducts of the male terminate? | Prostatic urethra
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| In the ovary the surface epithelium continues to proliferate forming cords called what? | Cortical cords
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| In females, longitudinal invagination of epithelium on the urogenital ridge forms what structure? | Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts
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| When the two paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts fuse they form what structure? | Uterine canal
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| The caudal tip of the fused paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts projects into the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus forming what? | Paramesonephric (Mullerian) tubercle
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| The paramesonephric ducts give rise to what structures? | Uterine tubes, uterus, and superior portion of the vagina
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| The upper part of the vagina is originated from what? | Paramesonephric ducts
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| The lower part of the vagina is originated from what? | Urogenital sinus
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| The lumen of the vagina is separated from the urogenital sinus by a thin plate of tissue called what? | The hymen
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| Slightly elevated folds that form around the cloaca by cells that migrate from the primitive streak are called what? | Cloacal folds
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| Cranial to the cloacal membrane the cloacal folds unite to form what? | Genital tubercle
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| Caudally the cloacal folds subdivide into the what to folds? | Urethral folds (anteriorly) and anal folds (posteriorly)
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| Lateral to the urethral folds, another pair of elevations form called what? | Genital swellings
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| In males the genital swellings become what? | Scrotum
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| In females the genital swellings become what? | Labia majora
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| The rapid elongation of the genital tubercle is called what? | Phallus
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| The phallus pulls the urethral folds forward forming what? | Urethral groove
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| The epithelial lining of the urethral groove forms what? | Urethral plate
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| At the end of the third month, the urethral folds close over forming what? | Penile urethra
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| Hoe is the distal portion of the urethra formed? | Ectodermal cells from the tip of the glans penetrate inward to form a short cord that forms a lumen that connects to the penile urethra.
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| The scrotal swellings arise in what region? | Inguinal region
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| A defect that exposes the urethra on the ventral surface of the penis is known as what? | Hyppspadia
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| Extrophy of the bladder is called what? | Epispadia
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| Genital tubercle elongates forming what? | Clitoris
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| The urethral folds do not fuse in females, instead they form what? | Labia minora
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| The urogenital groove in females stay open forming what? | Vestibule
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| The testes reach the inguinal region by when? | 12th week
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| When do the testes migrate through the inguinal canal? | 28 weeks
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| When do the testes reach the scrotum? | 33 weeks
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| Cryptoorchidism is associated with what? | Renal abnormalities
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| Ovaries descend to where? | Just below the rim of the true pelvis (lie posterior to the broad ligament)
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