Stack #185898
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| Hyperlipidemia & disease states it causes... | Coronary artery disease
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| Where are lipoproteins synthesized? | found in the plasma--transport Triglys & Cholesterol. Syth in intestinal mucosa and liver.
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| Know comp of lipoproteins | IN terms of:
Triglys: CH>VLDL>LDL>HDL
Protein: HDL>LDL>VLDL>CH
Cholesterol: LDL>HDL>VLDL>HDL
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| MOA of Gemfibrozil | Inhibits VLDL synth and increases lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase stops production of cholesterol in the liver.
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| MOA of Lovastatin | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (produces cholesterol in the liver)
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| MOA Cholestraymine | Decreases LDL-Resins that to (-) charged bile acids in the small intestines complex is excreted in the feces.
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| SE if Niacin | fluching/itching
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| Eg of a HmG CoA reductase inhibitor: | Simvastatin, Lovastatin
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| What occurs in the clotting cascade: | St.1: 2 pathways come to the same point: Create/activate factor10-->10A-->prothrombinase
St.2: Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
St. 3: Thrombin--> converts fibrinogen to fibrin=clot.
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| Where does Heparin work on the clotting cascade? | Intrinsic pathway-complexes with naturally occurring antithrombin 3 to enhance its activity. *Protamine is the anitdote.
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| How does warfarin work? | Blood thinner. Prevents DVT, PE and MI. Mimics VK causes body to make abnormal clotting factors. Will lead to excessive bleeding. Low VK foods/no NSAIDS.
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| Low molecular weight Heparins do what? | Accelerates the inhibition of factor 10A. Used to prevent and treat thromboembolisms. Advantages compared to heparin: Long 1/2 life, better SC availibility, home use, reduced monitoring
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| Thrombolytics | Degrades clots that are already formed. Streptokinase-MOA activates plasminogen to plasmin. Also inhibits the formulation of fibrin.
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| Class of Clopidogrel? | Antithrombotic "Plavix" MOA inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation.
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| How to anticoagulants work? | They inhibit coagulation by antagonizing Vit K in the synthesis of Prothrombin and factors 7,9, and 10 in the liver. (extrinsic)
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| Know the different classes of anticoagulation drugs? | Thrombolytics-clot busters
Antithrombotics-Prevent platelet agregation
Anticoagulants-Mimics VK
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| Define COPD | COPD-Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Obstruction in the respiratory tract. Fibrotic changes in the in the lining of the lungs. No cure
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| Define Emphysema | destruction of the alveolar walls causing holes in lungs. No cure
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| Which system effects GMP & cAMP? | SNS activates stimulation of cAMP
PNS activates stimulation of cGMP
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| Theophylline | Xanthine compound found in coffee, tea, cocoa. INhibits an intracellular enzyme Phosphodiesterase. Results in increased levels of cAMP = Broncholdilation
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| Cromolyn sodium | INtereres with the antigen/antibody rxb to release mast cell mediators. Prophylactic-not a bronchodilator. for asthma
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| Mucolytics | chem agents that liquefy bronchial mucus. Acetylcysteine.
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| Expectorants | agents that stimulate the production of respiratory secretions, which then decrease the irritation and cough caused by dryness of the airways . OUtput of respiratory secretion s increased and cough is suppressed.
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| Beta agonists | adrenergic drugs that selectively stimulate the B2 receptors. Eg. albuterol/salmeterol
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| Corticosteroids | for acute inflammation & allergic conditions. MOA inhibit the inlfammatory response that occur in the respiratory airways.
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| What agents stimulate the parietal cell to produce acid? | Gastric acid secretion is stimulated when food enters the stomach--> more acid is secreted by the acid hormone gastrin--> stimulates parietal cells to produce acid. G, ACH. Histamine enter Parietal cell receptors to produce acid.
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| Which drugs are considered GI stimulants? | For treatment of GERD. Metoclopromide-MOA induce contraction in the upper GI tract. Prevents reflux in the esophagus. other MOA: stimulates contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter.
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| Factors that create ulcers | emotional stress, smoking, spicy foods, bacteria, alcohol
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| how do antispasmotics work | For abdominal cramping. Don't exhibit ACH activity. They are used for their ability to relax intestinal smooth muscle. If this works--the cause is emo stress. Dicyclomine
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| How do antacids work? | Pain reliever. MOA neutralized gastric activity. Reacts with hydrochloric acid to form H2O and salt. The H+ ions are used to form water gastric acidity decreases & the pH of the stomach juices increase.
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| name 2 types of ulcers | Duodenal ulcers-food relieves painq
Gastric ulcers-food exacerbates pain
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| What are H2 blockers? | H2 blockers-block H2 receptors to prevent activation of parietal cell.
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| Cimetadine/Famotadine | H2 Blockers
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| Sucralfate | "stomach band-aid" Neither an antacid nor an antisecretory drug. Liquid/tablet/suspension. MOA enhances mucosal defense by a local action at the site of the ulcer.
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| Kaolin/pectin | absorbent to treat simple diarrhea
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| Bella donna alkaloids | Anti ACH simple diarrhea
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| Loperimide | Narcotic derivative simple diarrhea
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| Opiates | opium Simple diarrhea
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| How do stimulant laxitives work? Who should not use them? | Directly irritate the mucosal lining of the intestines. Ulcer pts?
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Created by:
manka