Decmbrist Revolt in Russia; Nicholas I becomes czar
1830
revolutions in Belgium and France; "July Monarchy" of Louis Philippe; Polish revolt put down
1832
First Reform Bill passed
1833
slavery abolished in British empire
1837
Victoria becomes queen
1838
Charist movement begins in England
1839
First Opium War begins
1842
Mines Act; Treaty Systems begins on the China coast
1848
year of Revolution; Second French Republic; The Communist Manifesto
1852
Napoleon III; Second French Empire
1854
Perry's "Black Ships" open Japan to west; Crimean War begins
1857
Sepoy Mutiny
1858
Second "Treaty System" in China; formation of Rumania
1859
War of Italian of Unification; Darwin
1860
Russians found Vladivostok
1861
emanicipation of serfs in Russia
1863
Maximilian installed by French as "Emperor of Mexico"
1864
First Socialist International Proclamation; Bismarck's Danish War
1866
Bismarck's Seven Weeks' War with Austria
1867
Second Reform Bill passed in England; Dominion of Canada; Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
1870
Franco-Prussian War; Vatican Council I
congress system
Foreshadowed in the treaty of Chaumont 1815, when the principal allies in the last coalition resolved to remain united to safeguard the peace settlements. Congresses met four times, at Aix-la-Chapelle (1818), Troppau (1820), Laibach (1821), Verona (1822)
Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)
_____ meeting was harmonious. The allied army of occupation in France was to be withdrawn and France admitted to the union.
Troppau (1820)
Britain and France did not send representatives to the ___ meeting, called by the tsar to consider revolutionary outbreaks in Spain and Italy. The three eastern powers signed the ___ declaration, asserting right to intervene against revolutions.
Mines Act
1842. Investigations into coal-mines revealed the extent abuses. The first report on the employment of children in 1842 caused a sensation. Lord Ashley Shaftesbury steered through the ____ =forbade the employment of women underground and boys below 10.
Verona (1822)
Discussed mainly Spain. Britain had to allow French intervention. The congress system broke down because divergent aims of its members, the eastern powers wishing to use it to ‘police’ Europe, Britain insisting that it was intended only to secure the peac
Ausgleich
Constitutional compromise between Hungary and the AUSTRIAN EMPIRE following the defeat of Austria in Italy and Germany. Granted Hungary own parliament and constitution but retaining Francis Joseph as King of Hungary= dual monarchy, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
Carbonari
A secret nationalistic revolutionary society formed in Italy that was active in France and the Iberian Peninsula.
Ems telegram
A dispatch from the Prussian king WILLIAM I to his chancellor, BISMARCK , that precipitated the outbreak of the FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR .
falloux law
reactionary act granting legal status to independent secondary schools in France.
July Ordinances
dissolved the chamber of deputies, reduced the electorate and imposed rigid press censorship. Charles X was forced to abdicate and Louis Philippe was proclaimed king with a more liberal constitution.
Meiji Constitution
constitution of the restored imperial Japanese state
