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Skeletal System

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Term
Definition
Ankyl/o   crooked, stiff, bent  
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Arthr/o   joint  
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Burs/o   bursa (sac of fluid near the joint)  
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Chondr/o   cartilage  
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Cost/o   rib  
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Crani/o   skull  
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Hem/o   blood  
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Kyph/o   hump  
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Lamin/o   lamina (part of bone that surrounds the spinal canal; where the spinal cord passes)  
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Lord/o   swayback curve/bent backward  
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Myel/o   bone marrow or spinal cord  
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Oste/o   bone  
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Pod/o   foot  
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Por/o   pore (small opening)  
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Scoli/o   curved  
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Spondyl/o   vertebrae (backbone)  
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Synovi/o; Synov/o   synovial membrane (membrane that lubricates the joints)  
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-listhesis   slipping  
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-lysis   loosening / setting free (therapeutic) or breaking down/destruction (diseased condition)  
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-penia   deficiency  
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-poietic   forming  
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Prosthesis   substitute for a disease/missing body part  
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Orthotic   mechanical appliance designed to control/correct/compensate for impaired limb function  
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Bone Marrow Transplant   used to treat certain types of cancers (leukemia  
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Allogenic BMT   uses healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor  
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Autologous BMT   the patient receives his own marrow cells that have been previously harvested  
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Hallux valgus   abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion)  
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Luxation   total dislocation of a bone from its joint  
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Subluxation   partial displacement of a bone from its joint  
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Rheumatoid Arthritis   joint inflammation caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own joint tissues  
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Ankylosing Spondylitis   stiffening of the vertebrae with inflammation (another form of Rheumatoid Arthritis)  
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Osteoarthritis   bone/joint inflammation caused by “wear-and-tear” of cartilage at the joints  
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Spondylosis   “wear-and-tear” of the cartilage of the vertebrae  
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Lumbago   pain in the lumbar region of the spine (may be caused by anything)  
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Spondylolisthesis   vertebra slipping forward on the spinal column  
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Spina Bifida   congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord  
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Kyphosis   abnormal increase of the outward curvature of the spine (humpback)  
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Lordosis   abnormal increase of the forward curvature (swayback)  
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Scoliosis   abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (sideways)  
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Compression fracture   collapse of a vertebra due to trauma or weakened state (osteoporosis)  
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Comminuted fracture   bone is splintered/crushed into pieces  
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Greenstick fracture   bone is bent/partially broken (usually in children)  
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Open fracture   bone is broken out to the surface of the skin  
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Spiral fracture   bone is broken by a twisting motion (usually in sports injuries)  
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Stress fracture   small crack in the bone from overuse or chronic/excessive impact  
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Arthrodesis   surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint (to stiffen the joint due to severe deformities)  
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Percutaneous Vetebroplasty   surgical repair of the vertebrae where bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures  
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Arthrolysis   surgical loosening of a (stiffened) joint  
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Arthroplasty   surgical repair of a joint (may also be an artificial joint replacement)  
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Bursectomy   surgical removal of bursa  
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Chondroplasty   surgical repair of (damaged) cartilage  
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Synovectomy   surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint  
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Laminectomy   surgical removal of lamina  
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Craniotomy   surgical incision into the skull to gain access to the brain  
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Craniectomy   surgical removal of a portion of the skull to relieve pressure from swelling of the brain  
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Cranioplasty   surgical repair of the skull  
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Osteoclasis   surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity  
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Ostectomy   surgical removal of bone  
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Osteoplasty   surgical repair of bone/bones  
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Osteorrhaphy   surgical suturing (wiring together) of bones  
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Osteotomy   surgical incision or sectioning of bone  
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External fixation   fracture treatment where pins are placed in bone/soft tissues so an external appliance can hold the bone in place during healing  
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Internal fixation   fracture treatment where pins or a plate directly hold the bone/broken pieces in place (this is not usually removed after healing)  
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Bursitis   inflammation of a bursa  
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Chondromalacia   abnormal softening of cartilage  
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Chondroma   benign tumor in cartilage  
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Costochondritis   inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum  
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Hemarthrosis   abnormal condition of blood within a joint  
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Synovitis   inflammation of the synovial membrane  
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Craniostenosis   abnormal narrowing of the skull (a malformation of the premature closure of the skull)  
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Ostealgia   bone pain  
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Osteitis   inflammation of bone  
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Osteomalacia   abnormal softening of bones in adults (caused by Vitamin D deficiency)  
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Osteomyelitis   inflammation of the bone and bone marrow  
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Osteonecrosis   death of bone tissue (due to insufficient blood supply)  
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Myeloma   cancer found in bone marrow  
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Osteochondroma   benign bony projection covered with cartilage  
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Osteoporosis   abnormal condition of porous bone (loss of bone density)  
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Osteopenia   bone deficiency (thinner than average bone that is a risk factor for osteoporosis)  
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Chiropractor   specializes in spinal manipulation to treat various disorders  
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Orthopedic surgeon   specializes in diseases/disorders involving the bones  
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Osteopath   uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to spinal manipulation  
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Podiatrist   specializes in disorders of the foot  
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Hemopoietic   pertaining to the formation of blood (from bone marrow)  
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Arthrosclerosis   abnormal hardening of a joint  
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Ankylosis   stiff; abnormal condition (loss of joint mobility)  
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Hemopoietic   pertaining to the formation of blood (from bone marrow)  
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Myeloma   tumor found in bone marrow  
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Osteochondroma   benign tumor of bone and cartilage (cartilage-capped bony growth)  
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BMT   Bone Marrow Transplant  
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BDT   Bone Density Testing  
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CR   Closed Reduction  
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Fx   Fracture  
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OA   Osteoarthritis  
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OP   Osteoporosis  
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TMJ   Temporomandibular Joint  
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THA   Total Hip Ahtroplasty  
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TJA   Total Joint Arhtroplasty  
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TKA   Total Knee Arthroplasty  
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