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ECOLOGY REVIEW

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Predation   One organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey) (+,-)  
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Detritivore   An organism that feeds on freshly dead or partially decomposed organic matter (detritus) (+,0)  Kind of like Commensalism, but not really a species interaction.  
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Competition (general)   The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals. (-,-)  
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Intraspecific Competition   The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals of the same species.  
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Interspecific Competition   The use or defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals of other species.  
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Nonrenewable Resource   A resource that is not regenerated and which becomes unavailable when it is used.  
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Renewable Resource   A resource that is continually regenerated or renewed.  
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What is Ecology?   The study of living things & their environment.  
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What is an ecosystem?   Living and non-living things that interact within a given area.  
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What is environment?   The surroundings of an object.  
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What is biodiversity?   Many different organisms living together.  
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What does native species mean?   Occurring naturally in the area.  
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What is an invasive species?   Something not from the area and also causes disruption to food web.  
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What is migration?   Movement of a population from one habitat to another.  
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What is abiotic   Non-Living things found in environment.  
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Give an example of an abiotic factor found in environment.   Minerals, rocks, water, atmosphere, weather, temperature, sunlight, pollution Minerals, rocks, water, atmosphere, weather, temperature, sunlight  
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What is biotic?   Living things found in environment  
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What is an organism?   A living thing, plant or animal  
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What is an individual?   One single organism.  
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What is a population?   All the individuals of one kind (one species) in a specified area at one time.  
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What is a community?   All the interacting populations in a specified area.  
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What is a food web?   All the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Many food chains.  
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What is a producer?   an organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis. Example: plants  
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What is photosynthesis?   The process in which plants make food (energy) from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide  
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What is a consumer?   organisms that eat other organisms for energy  
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What is a primary consumers?   organisms that eat only plants. Example: rabbit or cow  
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What is a herbivore?   organisms that eat only plants  
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What is a secondary consumer?   organisms that eat primary consumers. Example: hawk  
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What is a third level consumer?   organisms that eat secondary consumers: human, shark  
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What is a carnivore?   organisms that eats only meat. Example: Tiger  
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What is an omnivore?   organisms that eats both plants and meat: Example: most humans  
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What is a decomposer?   organisms that eats dead matter and breaks it down into chemicals. Example: bacteria and fungi  
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What are trophic levels?   feeding levels found in a food web.  
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What is an autotroph?   organisms that make their own food  
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What is a heterotroph?   An organism that cannot make its own food and must eat other organisms.  
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What is biomass?   The total organic matter in an ecosystem.  
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What is carrying capacity?   The maximum size of a population that can be supported indefinitely by a given environment.  
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What is detritus?   Small parts of organic material.  
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What is a Food Chain?   A sequence of organisms that eat one another in an ecosystem.  
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What is a Food pyramid?   A kind of trophic-level diagram in the shape of a pyramid in which the largest layer at the base is the producers with the first-level, second- level, and third-level consumers in the layers above.  
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What are Phytoplankton?   microscopic plants that live in the ocean.  
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What are Zooplankton?   microscopic animals that live in the ocean.  
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niche   everything an organism does and everything the organism needs in its environment  
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natural selection   responsible for evolutionary changes,survival of the fittest  
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population   a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area  
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herbivore   organisms that eat plants  
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biotic   the living part of an ecosystem  
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abiotic   the nonliving part of an ecosystem  
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host   organism on which a parasite lives  
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habitat   the place in which an organism lives  
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cainvore   animals that prey upon other animals  
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omnivore   organisms that eat both plants and animals  
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feeding level   the location of an organism along a food chain  
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producers   first feeding level in a food chain  
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herbivores   second feeding level in a food chain  
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usable energy   decreases as one moves from one energy level to the next energy level  
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competition   interaction in which organisms struggle against each other in obtaining the resources need for life  
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predators   living organisms that catch, kill, and eat other living things  
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prey   the organisms that are eaten by predators  
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symbiosis   a close relationship between two organisms in which one organism lives near, o, or even inside another organism and in which at least one organism benefits  
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commensalism   type of relationship in which one organism benefits from the relationship and the other benefits or is harmed  
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mutualism   interaction between two organism in which both organisms benefit is some manner  
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parasitism   relationship between two organisms in which one benefits while the second is harmed in some fashion  
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parasitism   dog and flea relationship  
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mutualism   bee and flowers relationship  
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commensalism   relationship between you and the mites living in your eyebrows  
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Biodiversity   variety of all life forms- both in number of species and abundance of organisms of different species  
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Pollution   environmental change that has a negative impact on living organisms  
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Percentage of food energy passed from one level to another in a food chain   10%  
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