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Nervous System for M.T.

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
blood-brain barrier   mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering the brain  
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cell body   division of a neuron that includes the nucleus, cell organelles, and surrounding cytoplasm, but does not include the axon or dendrites  
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motor neuron   neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord) to a muscle or gland; also called efferent neuron  
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nervous impulse   physiological change transmitted through certain tissues, especially nerve fibers and muscles, resulting in activity or inhibition  
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neurology   branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system  
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neurotransmitter   chemical substance that transmits or inhibits nerve impulses at a synapse  
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organelle   cytoplasm structure that provides specialized function for the cell  
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psychiatry   branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders  
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sensory neuron   neuron that transmits impulses from receptors in the skin, sense organs, and internal organs to the central nervous system(brain or spinal cord); also called afferent neuron  
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synapse   junction where a nerve impulse passes from an axon ternimal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell  
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cerebr/o   cerebrum  
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crani/o   cranium (skull)  
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dendr/o   tree  
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encephal/o   brain  
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gangli/o   ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)  
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gli/o   glue; neuroglial tissue  
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lex/o   word, phrase  
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kinesi/o   movement  
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lept/o   thin, slender  
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mening/o meningi/o   meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)  
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myel/o   bone marrow; spinal cord  
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narc/o   stupor; numbness; sleep  
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neur/o   nerve  
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sthen/o   strength  
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radicul/o   nerve root  
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thec/o   sheath (usually refers to meninges)  
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thalam/o   thalamus  
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ton/o   tension  
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ventricul/o   ventricle ( of heart or brain)  
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-algesia -algia   pain  
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-asthenia   weakness, debility  
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-esthesia   feeling  
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-kinesia   movement  
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-lepsy   seizure  
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-paresis   partial paralysis  
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-phasia   speech  
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-plegia   paralysis  
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-plexy   stroke  
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-taxia   order, coordination  
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-trophy   development, nourishment  
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contra-   against  
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pachy-   thick  
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para-   near, beside; beyond  
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syn-   union, together, joined  
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uni-   one  
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agnosia   inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact  
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asthenia   weakness, debility, or loss of strength  
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ataxia   lack of muscle coordination in the execution or voluntary movement  
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aura   premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar sensation that precedes seizures  
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autism   mental disorder charcterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level  
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cerebral palsy   self-limiting paralysis due to developmental defects in the brain or trauma during the birth process  
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clonic spasm   alternate contraction and relaxation of muscle  
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closed head trauma   injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed  
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coma   abnormally deep consciousness with absence of voluntary response of stimuli  
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concussion   transient loss of consciousness as a result of trauma to the head  
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dementia   broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment  
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dyslexia   inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure  
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Guillain-Barre syndrome   condition of acute polyneuritis with progressive muscle weakness in extremities  
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herpes zoster   painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles  
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Huntington chorea   inherited disease of the CNS that usually has its onset in people between ages 30 and 50  
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hydrocephalus   accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing thinning of brain tissue and separation of cranial bones  
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lethargy   abnormal activity or lack of response to normal stimuli; also called sluggishness  
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neurosis   unconscious conflict that produces anxiety and other symptoms and leads to maladaptive use of defense mechanisms  
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psychosis   major emotional disorder where contract with reality is los to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life  
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spina bifida   defect in which the neural tube (tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord in the fetus) fails to close during embryogenesis  
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meningocele   form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly bt the meninges protrude through the spine  
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myelomeningocele   most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine  
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occulta   form of spina bifida where one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin  
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paraplegia   paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs usually as a result of injury or disease of the spine  
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paresthesia   sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity  
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poliomyelitis   inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis  
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quadriplegia   paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk  
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Reye syndrome   acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver and, prossibly, the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes; usually seen in children younger that age 15 who had an acute viral infection  
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sciatica   severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatice nerve felt at the base of the spine ,down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve  
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syncope   temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting  
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transient ischemic attack (TIA)   temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours  
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