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Chapter 2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
apex   tip of a conical structure  
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body(corporis)   largest, most important part of an organ  
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fornix   any vault-like or arched structure  
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fundus   base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ (fundi)  
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hilum   recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland  
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lumen   the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube  
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sinus   a cavity or channel in a bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of pus material  
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vestibule   a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal  
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musculoskeletal sys.   support, movement, protection  
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integumentary sys.   cover, protection  
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gastrointestinal sys.   nutrition  
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urinary sys.   elimination of nitrogenous waste  
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reproductive sys.   reproduction  
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blood/lymphatic/immune sys.   transportation of nutrients/waste, protection  
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cardiovascular sys.   transportation of blood  
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respiratory sys.   delivers oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide  
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nervous/behavioral sys.   receive/process information  
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special senses (eye, ear)   information gathering  
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endocrine sys.   chemical messengers  
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hemo/o, hemat/o   blood  
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oste/o, osse/o   bone  
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lys/o   breakdown/dissolve  
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cyt/o, cellul/o   cell  
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epitheli/o   epithelium  
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adip/o   fat  
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cardi/o   heart  
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myocardi/o   heart muscle  
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chym/o   juice  
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my/o, muscul/o   muscle  
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neur/o   nerve  
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thel/o   nipple  
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kary/o, nucle/o   nucleus  
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organ/o, viscer/o   organ, viscera  
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home/o   same  
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strom/o   stroma  
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system/o   system  
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bol/o   to throw, throwing  
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hist/o   tissue  
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abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o   abdomen  
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dors/o   back  
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chondr/o   cartilage  
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crani/o   cranium, skull  
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diaphragmat/o, diaphragm/o, phren/o   diaphragm  
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front/o, ventr/o   front  
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inguin/o   groin  
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ile/o, ili/o   ilium  
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lumb/o   lower back  
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mediastin/o   mediastinum  
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viscer/o, organ/o   organ  
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pelv/i, pelv/o   pelvis  
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peritone/o   peritoneum  
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pleur/o   pleura  
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spin/o   spine  
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stern/o   sternum  
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gastr/o   stomach  
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thorac/o   chest  
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umbilic/o, omphal/o   umbilicus (navel)  
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vertebr/o   vertebra  
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pariet/o   wall  
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ana-   up, apart, away  
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cata-   down  
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en-   in  
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endo-   within  
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epi   above, upon  
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meta-   beyond, change  
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para-   near, beside, normal  
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-al, -ous   pertaining to  
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-ia, -ism   condition, state of  
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-on   structure  
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-plasm   formation  
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-some   body  
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-stasis   controlling, stopping  
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-um, -us   structure  
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buccal   pertaining to the cheek  
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cephalic   pertaining to the head  
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cervical   pertaining to the neck  
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cranial   pertaining to the skull  
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facial   pertaining to the face  
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frontal   pertaining to the front or forehead  
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mental   pertaining to the chin  
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nasal   pertaining to the nose  
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ocular   pertaining to the eye  
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oral   pertaining to the mouth  
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otic   pertaining to the ear  
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abdominal   pertaining to the abdomen  
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axillary   pertaining to the armpits  
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coxal   pertaining to the hip  
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deltoid   pertaining to the deltoid muscle  
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inguinal   pertaining to the groin  
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mammary   pertaining to the breasts  
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pelvic   pertaining to the pelvis  
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pubic   pertaining to the pubis  
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sternal   pertaining to the breastbone  
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thoracic   pertaining to the chest  
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umbilical   pertaining to the umbilicus (navel)  
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antecubital   pertaining to the front of elbow  
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brachial   pertaining to the arm  
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antebrachial   pertaining to the forearm  
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carpal   pertaining to the wrist  
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crural   pertaining to the leg  
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digital   pertaining to the fingers/toes  
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femoral   pertaining to the thigh  
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manual   pertaining to the hand  
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palmar   pertaining to the palm  
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patellar   pertaining to the kneecap  
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pedal   pertaining to the foot  
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plantar   pertaining to the sole of the foot  
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tarsal   pertaining to the ankle  
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acromial   pertaining to the acromion  
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dorsal   pertaining to the back  
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gluteal   pertaining to the buttocks  
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lumbar   pertaining to the lower back  
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nuchal   pertaining to the neck  
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olecranla   pertaining to the elbow  
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perineal   pertaining to the perineum  
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popliteal   pertaining to the back of the knee  
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sacral   pertaining to the sacrum  
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scapular   pertaining to the scapula  
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sural   pertaining to the calf  
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vertebral   pertaining to the spine  
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anterior   front  
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ventral   belly/front side  
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posterior   back  
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dorsal   back of body  
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superior   upward  
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cephalad   toward the head  
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inferior   downward  
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caudad   toward the tail  
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medial   middle, midline  
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lateral   side  
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ipsilateral   same side  
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contralateral   opposite side  
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unilateral   one side  
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bilateral   two sides  
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superficial   on the surface of the body (external)  
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deep   away from the surface of the body (internal)  
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proximal   near the origin  
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distal   far from the origin  
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dextrad   toward the right  
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sinistrad   toward the left  
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afferent   carrying toward a structure  
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efferent   carrying away from a structure  
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supine   lying on one's back  
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prone   lying on one's belly  
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epi-   above, upon  
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hyper-   excessive, above  
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hypo-   deficient, below  
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mid-   middle  
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trans-   through, across  
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ant   anterior  
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AP   anteroposterior  
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CT   computed tomography  
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inf   inferior  
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lat   lateral  
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LLQ   left lower quadrant  
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LUQ   left upper quadrant  
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MRI   magnetic resonance imaging  
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PA   posteroanterior  
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PET   positron emission tomography  
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pos   posterior  
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RLQ   right lower quadrant  
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RUQ   right upper quadrant  
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sup   superior  
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midsaggital plane   separates the body into equal right and left halves  
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frontal (coronal) plane   separates the body into front and back  
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transverse (cross-section) plane   separates the body horizontally into upper part and lower part  
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oblique plane   separates the body at a slanted angle  
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