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soils

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Term
Definition
Composition of soil   Mineral particles, Organic matter, air and water  
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Mineral particles   It includes stones, sand, silt and clay. It comes from broken down rock by weathering and erosion over long periods of time.  
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Organic Matter   It consists of remains of plants and animals as well as living creatures. When material such as leaves needles bark and twigs falls to the ground it is known as plant litter.  
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Air and water   It is found in the pores between the particles of soil loose sandy soils have more pore space and tightly packed clay soils.  
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Soil Characteristics   -Texture -Structure -Ph value -Organic matter -Moisture -Colour  
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Soil Texture   Sand largest coarsest particles. Feels gritty. Silt are medium size. Feel soft and silky. Clay particles smallest and smoothest particles. Fell sticky.  
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Sandy Soils   Some silt and clay. Water drains away freely. Nutrients can be leached.  
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Silty Soils   Clay and sand. Fertile. When wet they are heavy and are poorly drained  
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Clay soils   Wet and become waterlogged. When dry they shrink and crack. Difficult for plant roots and water to penetrate the ground  
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Loam soils   Best type. Roughly the same amounts of sand silt and clay. It retains nutrients producing a very fertile soil.  
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Soil structure   Way soils are bound together into small clumps called peds. Crumb platy blocky  
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Crumb   Small rounded grains similar to breadcrumbs. Excellent for draining and air movement  
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Platy   Thin flat particles often overlap. Usually found in compacted soils. Hold up water movement.  
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Blocky   Cube shapes fit tight together. Few pore spaces for roots and air to pass through.  
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Humus   A thick jelly like dark coloured substance  
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Ph of soil   degree of acid or alkaline  
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Alkaline soils   High ph level Limey and contain high levels of calcium  
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Neutral soils   ph of llevel 7  
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Created by: Daenasmith
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