Ch. 12
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| heart | triangular, in mediastinum, size of fist
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| atria | upper receiving chamber, small thinner less muscular walls
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| ventricles | lower discharging chambers, thicker muscular walls
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| left ventricles | thickest muscular wall
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| septum | wall that separates chambers
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| interatrial septum | separates right and left atria
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| interventricular septum | separates right and left ventricles
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| AV valves | atrio-ventricular valves
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| tricuspid | between right atrium and left ventricle
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| SL valves | semi-lunar valves
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| pulmonary semilunar balve | between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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| aortic semilunar valve | between left ventricle and aorta
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| *endocardium | lines innermost surface, walls of chambers
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| *myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue
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| *endocarditis | inflammation of endocardium, can lead to blood clots
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| *epicardium | outer membrane of heart
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| *pericardium | outermost loosely fitting covering
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| *pericardium | produces lubricating fluid
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| peicarditis | inflammation of pericardium
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| aorta | main vessel, biggest artery
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| aorta | carries "oxygenated" blood from left ventricle to body
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| pulmonary artery | carries "deoxygenated" blood from right ventricle to lungs
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| pulmonary veins | carries "oxygenated" blood from lungs to left atrium
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| superior vena cava & inferior vena cava | return "deoxygenated" blood from body to right atria
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| arteries | take blood"away" from heart
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| veins | return blood "to" the heart
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| right & left coronary arteries | coronary blood supply
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| right & left coronary arteries | branch off aorta to supply myocardium, blockage may result in angina or heart attack
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| *complete heart beat | cycle consists of diastole, relaxation of ventricles, systole, contraction of ventricles
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| *normal heart rate | around 72 beats per minute
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| *tachycardia | fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute
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| *bradycardia | slow heart rate onder 60 beats per minute
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| *stroke volume | volume of blood release from ventricle with each contraction
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| *cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute
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| cardiac output | = stroke volume x heart rate (co=sv x hr)
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| *lub dub | sounds made by heart during cardiac cycle
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| lub | closing of tricuspid and mitral valves
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| dub | closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
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| *ANS (autonomic involuntary nervous system) | controls rate of heart
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| intercalated discs | specialized nervous tissue at junctions between cardiac muscle cells , electronically link all cardiac muscle fibers
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| SA node (sinoatrial node) | pacemaker, located in superior wall of right atrium
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| SA node | initiates contraction of atria
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| AV node (atrioventricular node) | located in inferior wass of right atrium
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| AV node | passes signal to ventricles
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| bundle of his (AV bundles) | fibers run through septum
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| purkinje fibers | fibers run through lateral walls of ventricles
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| heart block | electrical signal does not reach ventricles, rate of ventricular contractions is decreased, may be treated with pacemaker
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| electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | graphic recording of hearts electrical activity
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| P wave | depolarization of atria, triggers contraction
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| QRS complex | depolarization of ventricles
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| T wave | repolarization of ventricles, relaxation
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