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| heart | triangular, in mediastinum, size of fist |
| atria | upper receiving chamber, small thinner less muscular walls |
| ventricles | lower discharging chambers, thicker muscular walls |
| left ventricles | thickest muscular wall |
| septum | wall that separates chambers |
| interatrial septum | separates right and left atria |
| interventricular septum | separates right and left ventricles |
| AV valves | atrio-ventricular valves |
| tricuspid | between right atrium and left ventricle |
| SL valves | semi-lunar valves |
| pulmonary semilunar balve | between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| aortic semilunar valve | between left ventricle and aorta |
| *endocardium | lines innermost surface, walls of chambers |
| *myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue |
| *endocarditis | inflammation of endocardium, can lead to blood clots |
| *epicardium | outer membrane of heart |
| *pericardium | outermost loosely fitting covering |
| *pericardium | produces lubricating fluid |
| peicarditis | inflammation of pericardium |
| aorta | main vessel, biggest artery |
| aorta | carries "oxygenated" blood from left ventricle to body |
| pulmonary artery | carries "deoxygenated" blood from right ventricle to lungs |
| pulmonary veins | carries "oxygenated" blood from lungs to left atrium |
| superior vena cava & inferior vena cava | return "deoxygenated" blood from body to right atria |
| arteries | take blood"away" from heart |
| veins | return blood "to" the heart |
| right & left coronary arteries | coronary blood supply |
| right & left coronary arteries | branch off aorta to supply myocardium, blockage may result in angina or heart attack |
| *complete heart beat | cycle consists of diastole, relaxation of ventricles, systole, contraction of ventricles |
| *normal heart rate | around 72 beats per minute |
| *tachycardia | fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute |
| *bradycardia | slow heart rate onder 60 beats per minute |
| *stroke volume | volume of blood release from ventricle with each contraction |
| *cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute |
| cardiac output | = stroke volume x heart rate (co=sv x hr) |
| *lub dub | sounds made by heart during cardiac cycle |
| lub | closing of tricuspid and mitral valves |
| dub | closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves |
| *ANS (autonomic involuntary nervous system) | controls rate of heart |
| intercalated discs | specialized nervous tissue at junctions between cardiac muscle cells , electronically link all cardiac muscle fibers |
| SA node (sinoatrial node) | pacemaker, located in superior wall of right atrium |
| SA node | initiates contraction of atria |
| AV node (atrioventricular node) | located in inferior wass of right atrium |
| AV node | passes signal to ventricles |
| bundle of his (AV bundles) | fibers run through septum |
| purkinje fibers | fibers run through lateral walls of ventricles |
| heart block | electrical signal does not reach ventricles, rate of ventricular contractions is decreased, may be treated with pacemaker |
| electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | graphic recording of hearts electrical activity |
| P wave | depolarization of atria, triggers contraction |
| QRS complex | depolarization of ventricles |
| T wave | repolarization of ventricles, relaxation |
