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| *cardiovascular or circulatory system |
body's system of transport and communication |
| blood vessels |
channels |
| blood |
fluid medium (transports) |
| heart |
pump which provides the force that moves the blood through the vessels |
| blood |
only liquid connective tissue |
| functions of blood |
transport oxygen & nutrients "to" cells & tissues |
| functions of blood |
transport wastes & other products of metabolism "away" from cells & tissues |
| functions of blood |
transport hormones |
| functions of blood |
maintain body temperature, regulate pH of body fluids |
| functions of blood |
form & transport cells & proteins |
| plasma |
55% of blood volume |
| plasma |
liquid portion of blood |
| formed elements |
45% of blood volume |
| formed elements |
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
| blood plasma |
made up of water, solutes, gases, enzymes, hormones, nutrients, waste products & plasma proteins |
| plasma proteins |
globulins, fibrinogen, albumins |
| globulins |
antibodies |
| fibrinogen |
blood clotting |
| albumins |
thicken blood, pulls fluids from tissues |
| *serum |
blood plasma minus clotting factors |
| red blood cells (RBC) |
erythrocytes |
| red blood cells |
90-99% of cell volume of blood |
| hemoglobin |
iron containing protein |
| *hemoglobin |
transports oxygen & carbon dioxide & gives blood its red color |
| new red blood cells |
formed in bone marrow |
| mature red blood cells |
lack nucleus & organelles, cannot reproduce |
| glycoproteins & glycolipids |
on plasma membrane surface of red blood cells |
| glycoproteins & glycolipids |
antigens which provoke antibody formation & Indicate blood type |
| transfusions |
transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another |
| donor A, recepient A, AB |
yes |
| donor A. recipient B, O |
no |
| donor B, recipient B, AB |
yes |
| donor B, recipient A, O |
no |
| donor AB, recipient AB |
yes |
| donor AB, recipient A, B, O |
no |
| donor O, recipient A, B, AB, O |
yes |
| universal "recipient" |
AB+ |
| universal "donor" |
O- |
| Rh+ |
have antigen |
| Rh- |
do not have antigen |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis |
Rh- mother carries a "second" Rh+ fetus |
| rhogam |
injection of anti-Rh antibodies soon after delivery |
| white blood cells (WBC) |
leukocytes |
| white blood cells |
protects body against pathogens & tumors |
| white blood cells |
granulocytes & agranulocytes |
| granulocytes |
lobed nuclei & granules within cytoplasm |
| neutrophils |
phagocytic - defense against bacterial infections |
| eosinophils |
control parasitic infections & allergic reactions, contributes to inflammatory response |
| basophils |
plays a role in allergic reactions, produces heparin |
| heparin |
natural blood thinner |
| *granulocytes |
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| *agranulocytes |
monocytes, lymphocytes |
| monocytes |
large cells, kidney bean-shaped nuclei |
| monocytes |
phagocytic macrophages |
| phagocytic macrophages |
clearing up foreign & dead material in the tissues |
| monocytes |
plays a role in the immune response |
| lymphocytes |
cells with large nuclei |
| lymphocytes |
produce antibodies & chemicals that control disease, allergic reactions, tumors |
| platelets |
cell fragments, thrombocytes |
| platelets |
smallest formed elements in blood |
| platelets |
not cells, particles pinched off bits of cytoplasm formed from large cells called megakaryocytes |
| platelets |
plays major role in prevention of blood loss via clot formation |
| hemostasis |
blood loss |
| hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis) |
process of blood cell formation |
| blood clot formation |
(blank) |
| blood cells |
formed from pluripotent stem cells |
| pluripotent stem cells |
found within bone marrow and lymphatic tissue |
| myeloid stem cells |
develope within "red" bone marrow |
| myeloid stem cells |
give rise to platelets, RBCs, WBCs (not lymphocytes & monocytes) |
| lymphoid stem cells |
found within lymph nodes, thymus, spleen bone marrow |
| lymphoid stem cells |
form lymphocytes & monocytes |
| anemia |
RBC disorder, "decrease" in number of RBC, hemoglobin content, amt of iron in blood |
| hematocrit |
measuring the percent volume that the blood cell sediment occupies |
| *anemia symptoms |
skin & mucosal pallor, dyspnea, heart palpitations, soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, fatiguability |
| hemolytic anemias |
inherited disorders, formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecule that results in deformation & increased fragility of RBCs |
| spherocytosis |
instead of biconcave, RBC are rounded, rupture easily, causes "chronic" anemia |
| sickle cell anemia |
ingerited disease of hemoglobin formation, sickle-shaped RBCs, readily broken down, chronic anemia |
| hemolyzed |
broken down |
| thalassemia |
inherited disorder, abnormally shaped hemoglobin, found in mediterranean populations |
| iron deficiency anemia |
low hemoglobin level due to iron deficiency |
| pernicious anemia |
low RBC due to lack of vitamin B12 |
| aplastic anemia |
low RBC caused by bone marrow destruction caused by chemotherapy, radiation, antibiotics, toxic chemicals |
| folate-deficiency anemia |
low RBCs due to lack of folic acid (Vit B9) common among alcoholics & malnourished individuals |
| acute blood loss anemia |
occurs after hemorrhages with trauma or surgery or any sudden blood loss |
| chronic blood loss anemia |
results from frequent or long-term blood loss associated with cancer or slow bleeding ulcers |
| polycythemia |
erythrocytosis |
| polycythemia |
abnormal "increase" in number of RBCs |
| polycythemia |
seen in individuals living in high altitudes, reduced oxygen perfusion, cardiac, respiratory conditions, smokers, patients taking diuretics |
| blood doping |
diliberately inducing polycythemia |
| blood doping |
athletes removes blood and stores then gets infused back prior to event |
| *leukopenia |
having too "few" WBCs |
| leukopenia |
following radiation treatment & chemotherapy |
| leukocytosis |
too "many" WBCs |
| leukocytosis |
usually sign of infection and inflammation |
| *leukemia* |
malignant growth of nonfunctional WBCs |
| acute & chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
subtypes of leukemia |
| acute and chronic myelocytic leukemia |
subtypes of leukemia |
| WBC count test |
"total" number of WBCs in volume of blood |
| differential WBC count test |
"proportion"of "each" type of WBC |
| Thrombocytopenia |
"decrease" in number of platelets |
| thrombocytopenia |
from acute blood loss, infection, cancer, chemotherapy, lupus |
| *hemophilia* |
"missing or deficient" amount of one or more clotting factors |
| hemophilia |
trait passed from mothers to sons |
| thrombus |
"stationary" clot |
| thrombosis |
process of thrombus formation, flow of blood is sluggish,prolonged period of inactivity |
| embolus |
"moveable" clot |
| embolus |
can obstruct major vessels, disrupt blood supply to tissues, causing myocardial infarctions, strokes |
Biology Lab Midterm
