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AP Psych Neurons & Nervous System

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Term
Definition
Cell Body   Life support center of the neuron  
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Dendrites   Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons  
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Axon   Long single extension of a neuron  
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Myelin Sheath   insulate and speed up messages through neurons  
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Terminal Branches   branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons  
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Action Potential   + outside, - inside  
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A neuron will fire if _________   the depolarizing currents exceeds the threshold  
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Refractory Period   After an action potential is fired, it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire.  
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Synapse   junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron  
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Agonist   Similar enough in structure to the neurotransmitter molecule that it mimics its effects on receiving neurons  
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Antagonists   Structure similar enough to neurotransmitter to occupy its receptor and block its action  
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Reuptake   Neurotransmitters in the synapse are reabsorbed into the sending neurons; applies brake on neurotransmitter action.  
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Sensory Neurons (afferent)   carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS  
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Motor Neurons (efferent)   carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands  
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interneurons   connect the neurons in the brain and spinal chords  
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glial cells   provide physical and metabolic support to neurons; communicate with other cells  
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Schwann cells   produce myelin in the PNS  
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Oligodendrocytes   produce myelin in the CNS  
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Astrocytes   provide nutrition to neurons  
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Nerves   Made up of many axons  
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CNS Consists of ____ & ____   Brain, Spinal Chord  
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PNS Consists of ____ & _____   Autonomic Nervous System, Somatic Nervous System  
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Autonomic Nervous System Consists of _____ & _____   Parasympathetic Division (rest and digest) & Sympathetic Division (fight or flight)  
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