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Gentics unit

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Term
Definition
Heredity   The passing of traits from parents to offspring  
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Hybrid   A organism that has two different alleles for a trait  
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Purebred   The offspring that many generations that have the same traits  
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Trait   A characteristic that an organism can pass through it's genes.  
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Offspring   The product or result of something  
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Gene   The set of information that controls a trait.  
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Alleles   The different forms of a gene  
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Dominant Allele   An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present  
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Recessive Allele   An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present  
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Homozygous   Having two identical alleles for a trait  
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Heterozygous   Having two different alleles for a trait  
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Genotype   An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations  
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Phenotype   An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits  
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Meiosis   The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half  
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Haploid   Produced during meiosis and reduces the number of chromosomes in the Dipoid cell by half  
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Diploid   Having paired sets of chromosomes in a cell nucleus or a cell  
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Mutation   A change in a gene or chromosomes  
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Insertion   the addition of extra DNA or RNA into a section of genetic material  
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Deletion   losing a section of nucleic acid molecule or chromosome  
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Substitution   To replace one gene or trait with another one  
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Sex Linked Genes   A gene that is carried on the x or y chromosome  
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Carrier   A person who has the recessive allele for a trait but not the trait  
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Sex Chromosomes   The chromosomes that determine a persons gender  
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Genetic Disorders   An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes  
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Pedigreee   A family tree that tracks all the members that have a certain trait  
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Selective Breeding   The process of selecting a few organisms with the desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generations  
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Inbreeding   A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed  
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Hybridization   A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed  
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Clone   An organism with identical alleles as it's producer  
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Genetic Engineering   The transfer of a gene from one organism to another's dna  
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Gene Therapy   The insertion of working copies into cells of a person with a genetic disorder  
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Created by: Christopher_Cook
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