Fungi vocab/ concepts chap 31
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| hypha | filament that collectively makes up body of fungi
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| mycelium | mat of hyphae
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| septa | cross walls that divide hypha into cells
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| coenocytic | multinucleate state resulting from division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division
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| haustoria | in certain symbiotic fungi, specialized hyphae that can penetrate tissues of host organisms
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| mycorrhizae | symbiotic relationship between roots of plants and fungi. benefit to plant: increase root surface area and get phosphates from fungi. benefit to fungi: carbohydrates from plant
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| ectomycorrhizal fungi | hyphae stay on outside of cells
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| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi | penetrate cell wall but not plasma membrane (endomicorrhizae)
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| Is the dominant life stage of a fungi diploid or haploid? | Haploid
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| Describe sexual reproduction of fungi | two different hyphae from two different mating types fuse forming a heterokaryotic stage (aka dikaryotic)
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| plasmogamy | fusion of cytoplasm of two cells (hyphae)
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| karyogamy | fusion of nuclei to form a diploid zygote which undergoes meiosis to produce spore-producing structures aka sporangia
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| Describe asexual reproduction in a fungus | mycelia generate sporangia. Sporangia make haploid spores that undergo mitosis to make mycelia.
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| Deuteromycetes | Fungi in which sexual structures are unknown
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| How do we classify fungi in terms of diversity | It's based on similarity of reproductive structures
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| Opisthokonts | Animals, fungi and protistian relatives are members of this clade. The name refers to the posterior location of the flagella in these organisms
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| Chytrids | Flagellated spores are unique to these fungi
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| Zygomycetes | Form zygosporangium during sexual reproduction
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| Ascomycetes | form an ascocarp, a cuplike structure that contains many asci. tasty ones like truffles and morels
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| Conidia | asexual structure in ascomycetes
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| Basidiomycetes | form basidiocarps (the acutal smurf-house mushroom) within the basidiocarp gills are many basidia, which are spore-producing structures
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| Endophytes | fungi that live inside plant tissues
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| Lichens | symbiotic relationship between green algae/cyanobacteria and fungi
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