animal evolution vocab
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| Six characteristics that define an animal | 1. multicellular, heterotrophic
2. usually use sexual reproduction
3. no cell walls
4. motile for at least part of life
5. rapid response to external stimuli
6. diploid is dominant ploidy
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| blastocoel | cavity inside blastula
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| gastrula | fold in blastula due to gastrulation
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| blastopore | opening to pouch/archenteron
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| archenteron | internal cavity of gastrula
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| ectoderm | outer germ layer becomes skin and nervous tissue
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| endoderm | inner germ layer becomes digestive tract
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| mesoderm | middle germ layer becomes muscles and internal organs. primitive animals dont have this
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| lines of evidence that animals evolved from chanoflagellates (colonial protists) | 1. similarity in cells of choanoflagellates and sponges
2. choanocytes identified in other animal phyla but not in protists
3. DNA
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| Edicarian | x
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| Cambrian Explosion which phyla appeared (5) | Echinoderms, chordates, porifera, cnidaria, arthropoda. Hard bodies evolved in response to predation.
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| define cephalization | concentration of neurons in one region
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| Which is the only diploblastic phylum? | Cnidarians
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| Coelom | body cavity for development of internal organs. it is lined by mesoderm
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| pseudocolomates | body cavity but it is lined only on one side by mesoderm
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| name two pseudocoelomate phyla | rotifera and nematoda
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| Protostome: type of cleavage? determinate or indeterminate growth? fate of blastopore? | spiral, determinate, blastopore becomes mouth
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| Deuterostome: type of cleavage? determinate or indeterminate growth? fate of blastopore? | radial cleavage, indeterminate, blastopore becomes anus
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| Points of agreement in animal systematics: (5) | 1. all animals share a common colonial flagellate (choanoflagellate) ancestor
2. sponges are basal (the lowest form)
3. emetazoa - clade includes all animals with true tissues
4. most animals are bilateral
5. deuterostomia
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| Bilateral animals split into three groups: | deuterostomia, lophotrochozoa, echydsozoa
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| Define Lophotrochozoa | have either a lophophore (apical tuft of feeding cilia) or larval stage called a trochophore
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| Define Ecydsozoa | external skeletons that shed as they grow
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