Vocabulary
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| When vocal folds are separated | abduction
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| when vocal folds are brought together | adduction
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| opening to the larynx formed by epiglottis in front, ends at arytenoids in back, aryepiglottic folds on side | aditus laryngis
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| angle formed by union of laminae | angle of the thyroid
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| narrow band in the front (part of cricoid cartilage) | anterior arch
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| anterior attachment of the vocal folds-diverge as they course toward posterior commissure | anterior commisure
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| type of cuneiform cartilage, forms entrance to larynx, extend from sides of epiglottis to apexes of arytenoids | aryepiglottic fold
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| dramatic increase in airflow across a gradient. "If volume fluid flow is constant, velocity of flow must increase at an area of constriction, but with a corresponding decrease of pressure at the constriction | Bernoulli Effect
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| holds cricothyroid joint in place (posterior, lateral, anterior) | ceratocricoid ligament
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| lower portion of the internal (elastic) laryngeal membrane-well defined | conus elasticus
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| "horns" that project off of the hyoid bone | cornua
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| posterior: restricts extent of forward movement of arytenoid cartilage, imposes constraints on extent of any gliding movements. Anterior. Often absent, poorly developed. May limit backward movement of arytenoid. | cricoarytenoid ligament
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| attaches inferior border of cricoid cartilage to first tracheal ring-holding cricoid in place. thicker than others. | Cricotracheal membrane
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| recording the electrical energy generated by active muscles | electromyography
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| those that have one attachment to structures outside the larynx. Responsible for suppport of the larynx. | extrinsic laryngeal muscles
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| a voice register above the middle or head register. (highest pitch) | falsetto
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| extends from hyoid bone to thyroid notch, separates epiglottis from hyoid bone & thyroid cartilage | fat pad
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| the depression at the base of the arytenoid cartilages-on the anterolateral surface | fovea oblonga
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| average rate of vocal fold vibration-determines pitch | fundamental frequency
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| 2 folds; with median on anterior surface of epiglottis-connects to tongue | glossoepiglottic ligament
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| abrupt release of the adductor mechanism that initiates sudden vocal fold vibration | glottal attack
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| creaky voice produced by phonating at lowest possible pitch | glottal fry
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| normal pitch | habitual pitch
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| the partials of a complex sound which are integral multiples of fundamental frequency | harmonic
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| attaches to epiglottis (where leaflike portion is broadest) to hyoid bone (elastic ligament) | hyoepiglottic ligament
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| starts on posterior surface of thyroid horns and hyoid bone-membrane is thickened | hyothyroid ligament
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| have both attachments confined to larynx. control sound production | intrinsic laryngeal muscles
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| thin plate or layer | lamina
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| layer of the thyroarytenoid, superficial, intermediate, deep | lamina propria
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| sectional radiography that shows layers of the body | laminagraphy
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| degree of stretching force | longitudinal tension
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| the vocal ligaments common point of attachment on the thyroid cartilage. aka anterior commissure, laryngeal saccule | macula flava anterior
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| extent of force with which the vocal folds are brought together at the midline | medial compression
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| located on posterolateral angle of arytenoid cartilage-bulge at the base-muscles will attach here. Responsible for abduction and adduction of vocal folds. | muscular process
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| current physiology theory of phonology. Changes of elasticity in muscle & aerodynamic principles cause phonation. | Myoelastic Aerodynamic
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| old theory of phonation: vocal fold vibration occurs according to timing of neural impulses-causes abduction and adduction | neurochronaxic
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| successive doubling of frequency | octave
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| aka natural pitch level. suitable pitch level for an individual-determined by physical characteristics of voice mechanism | optimal pitch
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| medial-most component of the cricothyroid muscle | pars recta
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| arises from the cricoid cartilage lateral to the pars recta | pars oblique
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| device for indicating velocity or quantity of airflow | pneumotachygraph
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| the vocal fold attachment on the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage | posterior commisure
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| back part of cricoid cartilage-hexagonal plate (signet ring). Occupies space between posterior margin of thyroid cartilage | posterior quadrate lamina
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| pyriform sinus | deep depression, lateral to the aditus laryngis
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| upper part of the inrinsic laryngeal membrane | quadrangular membrane
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| space between the true vocal folds (aka "glottis") | rima glottis
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| subglottic space | space below the vocal folds
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| the region above the glottis; includes: vestibule & ventricle | supraglottal space
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| attaches epiglottis to thyroid cartilage at the angle just beneath the thyroid notch | thyroepiglottic ligament
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| where the incomplete fusion of the thyroid laminae occurs-results in V-shaped notch | Thyroid Notch
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| Adam's apple. Right below thyroid notch. | Thyroid Prominence
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| to illuminate the interior or lumen of a structure by passing light through tissue | transillumination
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| exaggerated vibrato | tremolo
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| the triangular depression of the arytenoid cartilages-on anterolateral surface near apex. | triangular fovea
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| small valleys (pits)-seen between epiglottis and root of tongue, on either side of median | valleculae
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| small supraglottal region located between ventricular folds and vocal folds | ventricle
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| aka false vocal folds. soft & flacid appearance-can't become tense. | ventricular folds
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| small and rapid pitch intensity changes during singing | vibrato
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| on vocal folds & continuous with conus elasticus | vocal ligament
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| the anterior angle, near the base of arytenoid cartilage, prolonged pointed projection. Vocal ligament inserts on this process. | Vocal process.
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