A&P.blood.labtest
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| two components of whole blood | plasma and formed elements
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| 3 types of formed elements in whole blood | red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets
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| red blood cells | carry oxygen & get rid of carbon dioxide
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| white blood cells | fight infection
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| platelets | are responsible for clotting
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| hemotocrit | the percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells - diseases of the blood can be detected by measuring the red blood cell count
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| normal hemotocrit | males - 40-54% while females have 38-47%
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| normal red blood count | males: normal RBC 4.6-6.2 million RBC/cubic mm; for females, normal RBC is 4.2-5.4 million/cubic mm
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| platelets normal count | 250,000-400,000 platelets per microliter of blood
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| WBC - white blood count | 5,000-10,000 white blood cells /microliter of blood
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| Differential white blood count | what is percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells?
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| normal percentages WBC | neutrophils - 60-70%; lymphocytes, 20-30%; monocytes, 2-8%; eosinophils, 1-4%; and basophils, .5-1%
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| what does WBC mean? | elevated neutrophil means bacterial infection; allergic reactions mean that eosniophil and basophil counts are elevated
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| granular leukocytes (3 types) | basophils, easinophils, neutrophils
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| 2 types of agranular leukocytes | lymphocytes and monocytes
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| neutrophil | WBC 2-4 lobes; purple color; phagocytized microorganisms
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| basophil | stains blue-purple-looks as if it has no nucleus because the granules are so close together; releases histmine; promotes inflammation - basophils "fill" the body - also heparin; which prevents clot formation
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| eosinophil | nucleus often bilobed, looks like neutrophil but its orange-red or bright red - the color - think "eo" orange or red - eleveated in parasitic infections
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| monocyte no granules (agranulocyte | largest of blood cells - kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped nucleus - phagocytic cell
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| lymphocyte - no granules (agranulocyte) | nucleus very round - takes ups entire cell - tumor control,
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| platelet | cell fragment surrounded by plasma membrane - contains granules
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| antigen | any substance that, when it comes in contact with other cells, induces a state of sensitivy or immune response Gr. "anti" -gen "producing"
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| antigenic | having the properties of an antigen (allergen) - immunogenic
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| antibody (Ab) | an immunoglobulin molecule with a aspecific amino acid sequence evoked in humans or other animals by an antigen and characterized by reacting specifically with the antigen in some demonstrable way,
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| antigen | protein that can interact with an antibody
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| antibody | looks like a letter "y" - specific to antigen
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| agglutination | clumping - when antibodies in plasma bind to the antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells, they form molecular bridges taht connect red blood cells
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| hemolysis | rupture of red blood cells; can be a reaction to blood transfusion
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| antigen - also called agglutinogens | function and location - protein that can interact with an antibody - found on red blood cells
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| antibodies or agglutinins | location and function - antibody that causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells (red blood cells) - in plasma l. ad "to" gluten "clump"
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| Rh- and Rh+ blood types | Rh+ means that person has certain antigens (the D antigens) on their RBC's red blood cells - about 85% of Caucasians & 88% African-Americans have this - a person with Rh- does NOT have these antigens
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| Antigen/antibody reaction | when antibodies in plasma bind to antigens on red blood surface, they form molecular bridges that connect the red blood cells - this is called clumping or agglutination - can clotting within blood vessels, cause kidney damage, and even death. REactions c
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