Immune Systems
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| Lymph | 10% of the tissue that is left behind.
usually 1-2 quarts
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| Immune System | Maintain the fluid environment of the body by producing filtering, and conveying lymph
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| Thymus | supports the proliferation and programming of the T lymphocyte percursors
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| T lymphocytes | Cell mediated responses
Assist B cells in developing humeral responses to thymus-Dependant antigens
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| B Lymphocytes | antibody-secreting plasma cells
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| Thymus 2 parts | cortex
medulla
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| Cortex of Thymus | peripheral region that contains densely packed T lymphocytes suspended in a network of epithelial reticular cells.
Training T cells to not go after "self"
BASOPHILLIC
Site of lymphoblast proliferation to produce smaller, more mature T cells
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| Medulla of Thymus | Region contains more epithelial reticular cells and fewer T lymphocytes than the cortex.
MACROPHATES AND LARGE LYMPHOCYTES
Eosinophillic
T cells are mature and enter the circulation through post capillary venules or efferent lymphatic vessels
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| Cortical Epithelial reticular cells | Program which T cells will die and which ones will live and progress to the thymus medulla
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| Medulla contains more ____________ epithelial cells and fewer _______________ than the cortex | epithelial reticular cells; T lymphocytes
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| Blood-thymus barrier | blood supply of the thymus enters through the capsule and connective tissue septa
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| Hassall Corpuscles | formed from type VI epithelial reticular cells and found in Thymus.
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| What makes the thymus different from otehr lymph tissue | Does not check any lymph from the body.
Only EFFERENTS.
Can only leave the thymus.
No afferent lymphatics or lymph sinuses present
No lymphatic nodules present
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| EBV | only carried in saliva.
B lymphocytes may also contain the virus in a state of incomplete replication
When B lymphocytes become infected, they are altered permanently and undergo polyconal activation adn proliferation
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| Involution of the thymus | at puberty, the thymus begins to degenerate, beginning in the cortex
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| By old age the thymus is almost all _____________. | connective tissue
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| Lymph Node | lymphoid organs found along lymphatic vessels that filter the lymph for antigens
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| Convex surface of the Lymph Node | receives afferent lymphatic vessels
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| Concave surface | contains areterioles and efferent lymphatic vessels
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| Stroma | reticular fibers
structure the cells hang on to
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| Subcapsular/cortical sinus | where lymph is dropped off to check it to make sure it is ok
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| Cortex of Lymph Node | Sinusoids
Lymphoid Nodule
paracortex
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| Sinusoids | endothelium lined spaces create subcapsular sinuses
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| Lymphoid nodules | B cells with some T cells and macrophages
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| Paracortex | mostly T cells
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| T cells stain | basophillic
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| Germinal Center | B Cells that are activated to turn into plasma Cells
Light staining center
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| Medulla of lymph node contains | cords with reticular cells and plasma cells.
Stain lighter than the cortex
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| Reed-Sternberg Cells | Look like lacuna in the lymph
Diagnostic cells for Hodgkins and other lymph node disease
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| Spleen | Largest Lymphoid organ
Filters blood
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| Spleen is surrounded by a | capsule
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| Spleen consists of 2 different kinds of _____________ | pulp
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| 2 kinds of pulp | White and red
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| White Pulp | Sticks with arteries
Named for having white blood cells
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| Red Pulp | Disorganized
Associated with Red blood cells
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| Splenic Artery | enters at the hilum thru connective tissue
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| Splenic Trabeculae arteries | Branches from the splenic artery.
When they enter the splenic pulp they become central arterioles
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| PWP | Peripheral White Pulp
B cells
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| PALS | T Cells
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| Divisions of the arteries follow | the white pulp
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| What makes spleen different form the other lymph tissue | no afferent lympatics or lymph sinues present
No cortex or medulla
Sophisticated vascular system
Lymphoid tissue found in the while pulp
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| Mononucleosis and the spleen | spleen enlarges becuase it is flooded with atypical lymphocytes.
Get lodged in the red pulp as well as teh capsule and trabeculae
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| Unencapsulated lymphoid nodules | unorganized
Named for area it is at
Groups of T cells just hanging out
Found in loose connective tissue
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| GALT | Gastrointestinal Associated Lymphatic Tissue
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| 2 zones of unenecapsulated lympohoid nodules | Marginal and germinal center
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| Marginal Zone | Has memory cells
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| Germinal Center | Has B cells
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| BALT | broncial-associated lymphatic tissue
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| peyer's patches | globs of purple found in ileum
setting a stage for immune response if needed
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| Adenoids | Pharyngeal
Posterior wall of nasopharynx
covered with ciliated pseudostratified colummnar epithelium
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