Chromosomal Structure
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| Supercoiling | When the two strands of DNA are twisted around each other they coil up.
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| Chromatin | DNA plus protein.
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| Heterochromatin | highly condensed, darkly staining chromatin
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| Euchromatin | less dense, lightly staining, transcriptionally active, chromatin.
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| Solenoid coiling | Nucleosomes will wrap around each other to form tubes
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| Histones | proteins that form octameric complexes, which eukaryotic DNA wraps around. They are the most abundant
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| Nucleosomes | histone octamers and associated DNA, not including the linker regions
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| Histone 1 (H1) | binds linkers together
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| Histones are acids or bases? | bases! They are positively charged molecules
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| Solenoid tangling | Chromosomal condensation during prophase also involves solenoids tangling in complex patterns to form the mitotic (or meiotic) chromosomes.
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| Scaffoid Proteins | Ties the solenoids together to form the condensed, mitotic chromosomes.
Maintain supercoiling
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| Bands in mitotic chromosomes | dark staining regions, which are believed to consist of more tightly packed DNA.
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| Structure of Mitotic (Meiotic) Chromosomes | Bands
Centromeres
Arms
Telomeres
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| Centromere | Region of a chromosome that is bound to the mitotic spindle. Dark bands are called G bands
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| metacentric chromosome | central centromeres
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| Submetacentric chromosome | off center centromere
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| Acrocentric | Centromere towards end with a satellite at the end
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| Telocentric | Centromere at the end. not found in humans
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| Arms | chromosomes are divided by the centromere into two regions known as arms.
Shorter arm is p arm (petite)
Larger arm is q arm
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| Telomeres | The ends of chromosomes
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| Karyotype | Number, size and banding patterns of all mitotic chromosomes.
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| Karyotype numbers | Larger to smaller
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Created by:
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