Digestive System Development 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| How does the midgut communicate with the yolk sac? | via vitelline duct or yolk stalk
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| In the adult, where does the midgut begin? | distal to entrance of bile duct into duodenum
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| Where does the midgut terminate? | junction of the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon with the distal 1/3
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| What is the only artery of the midgut? | Superior mesenteric artery
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| The PRIMARY INTESTINAL LOOP is a result of what? | rapid elongation of gut and mesentery
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| The primary intestional loop is in open connection with what at its apex? | connection w/ yolk sac via vitelline duct
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| What does the cephalic limb of the primary intestinal loop develop into? | distal duodenum, jejunum, and part of ileum
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| What does the caudal limb of the primary intestinal loop develop into? | lower portion of ileum, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
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| What is the result of rapid growth and expansion of the liver? | abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small to hold all intestinal loops
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| Where do the intestinal loops enter when the abdominal cavity temporarily becomes too small? | extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord
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| What axis does the primary intestinal loop rotate around? | axis formed by superior mesenteric artery
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| Which way and to what degree does the midgut rotate? | counterclockwise, 270 degrees (90 during herniation, 180 during return into abdominal cavity)
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| What is the first part to reenter the abdominal cavity? | the proximal jejunum, comes to lie on left side...later loops lie more and more to the right
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| What is the last part of the gut to reenter the abdominal cavity? | cecal bud, temporarily lies in right upper quadrant but descends into right iliac fossa, placing ascending colon and hepatic flexure on the right side
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| How does the appendix form during the descent of the colon? | distal end of the cecal bud forms narrow diverticulum (appendix)often posterior to cecum (retrocecal) or colon (retrocolic)
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| What does the hindgut give rise to? | distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal
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| What does the endoderm of the hindgut also form? | lining of bladder and urethra
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| What is the cloaca? | endoderm lined cavity that is covered at ventral boundary by ectoderm, cloacal membrane
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| What forms the primitive urogenital sinus? | allantois enters anterior portion of cloaca
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| What forms the primitive anorectal canal? | terminal part of hindgut enters posterior cloaca
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| What is the urorectal septum derived from? | mesoderm
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| What does the urorectal septum separate? | allantois from hindgut
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| What is formed by the rupture of the cloacal membrane? | anal opening for the hindgut
(ventral opening for urogenital sinus also created)
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| Proliferation of what closes caudal end of the anal canal? | ectoderm
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| Where does the caudal portion of the anal canal come from? | ectoderm
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| Where does the cranial end of the anal canal come from? | endoderm
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| What is the artery of the hindgut? | Inferior mesenteric (superior rectal arteries are branches from this and supply the cranial part of the anal canal)
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| What is the pectinate line? | junction between ectoderm and endoderm... simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium
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| Gastroschisis. | herniation of abdominal viscera through body wall into amniotic cavity. elevated alpha-fetoprotein may be detected prenatally. linked to cocaine use. NOT associated with chromosomal abnormalities or severe defects. more common in males. 1 in 10,000 births
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| Omphalocele | herniation of abdominal viscera through enlarged umbilical ring. viscera covered by amnion. failure of bowel to return to body cavity. high mortality rate. 15% have chromosomal abnormalities
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| Meckel's Diverticulum | 2-4% people vitelline duct persists, forms outpocketing of ileum (MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM), if contains HETEROTOPIC PANCREATIC TISSUE or GASTRIC MUCOSA may cause ulceration, bleeding, or perforation.
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