Digestive System Development 1
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As the embryo grows, it folds ___________. As it folds this way, it also folds___________. | Cephalocaudally, Laterally.
🗑
|
||||
| As a result of cephalocaudal folding, a portion of the endodermic lined yolk sac becomes incorporated into te embryo, forming the? | Primitive gut
🗑
|
||||
| The primitive gut forms a blind ending pouch that extends from _____________ to____________. | buccopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrance
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four divisions of the gut tube, and where are they associated with? | 1. Pharyngeal gut, or pharynx
Extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to the tracheobronchial diverticulum.
2.Foregut
-Caudal to the pharynx, extends to the liver bud.
3.Midgut
-Caudal to the liver bud, extends to a point between the right 2/3
🗑
|
||||
| What embryonic tissue forms the lining of the digestive tract? | Endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| What e. tissue forms the hepatocytes of the liver and endocrine cells of the pancreas? | endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| The stroma (CT) of glands is derived from what e. tissue? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle, connective tissue, and peritoneal components of the gut wall are derived from what e. tissue? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the esophagus and stomach | SOX2
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the duodenum | PDX1
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the remaining small intestine | CDXC
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the large intestine and rectum | CDXA
🗑
|
||||
| The endoderm-mesoderm interaction is initiated by what gene? A. Where is it expressed? B | Sonic Hedgehog, Expression throughout the gut tube.
🗑
|
||||
| As the embryo grows, it folds _______ and ______ | Cephalocaudally and laterally
🗑
|
||||
| As a result of cephalocaudal folding, part of the endoderm lined yolk sac becomes incorporated into the embryo,forming the? | Primitive gut
🗑
|
||||
| The primitive gut forms a blind pouch that extends from the _________ to the _____. | Bucscopharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four sections of the gut tube and where are they located? | 1. Pharyngeal gut or pharynx
-extends from buccopharyngeal membrane to the tracheobronchial diverticulum
2.Foregut
-Caudal to the pharynx, extends to the liver bud.
3.Midgut
-Caudal to the liver bud, extends to a point between the right 2/3 and t
🗑
|
||||
| What e. tissue forms the epithelial lining of the digestive tract? | endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| what e. tissue forms hepatocytes and endocrine cells of the pancreas? | endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| the stroma (connective tissue) of the glands is derived from what e. tissue? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle, CT, and peritoneal components of the gut wall are also derived from what e. tissue? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the esophagus and stomach? | SOX2
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the duodenum? | PDX1
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the remaining small intestine | CDXC
🗑
|
||||
| Specifies the large intestine and rectum | CDXA
🗑
|
||||
| The endoderm-mesoderm interaction is initiated by what gene? This gene is expressed where? | Sonic Hedgehog; expression throughout the gut tube.
🗑
|
||||
| What does Sonic Hedgehog do? | Upregulates factors in the mesoderm that then determine the type of structure that forms, such as the stomach, duodenum, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Cells of the SOMATIC MESODERM that line the intraembryonic cavity become? | Mesothelium
🗑
|
||||
| mesothelium forms the __________layer of the serous membranes that line the outside of the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities | Parietal layer
🗑
|
||||
| What e. tissue forms the visceral layer of the serous membranes covering the abdominal organs,, lungs, and heart. | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| What are mesenteries?> | Double layers of peritoneum that provide a pathway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to the organs.
🗑
|
||||
| What are organs suspended by mesenteries referred to as? | Intraperitoneal
🗑
|
||||
| organs that lie against the posterior body wall and are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surface are called what? | Retroperitoneal
🗑
|
||||
| What are peritoneal ligaments? | Double layers of peritoneum that pass from one organ to another or,from an organ to the body wall.
🗑
|
||||
| When does the respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) appear at the border with the pharyngeal gut? | 4 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| when the foregut divides into a ventral portion, the respiratory primordium, and a dorsal portion, called the? | ESOPHAGUS
🗑
|
||||
| What is the muscular coat of the esophagus derived from? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| The upper 2/3 of the esophagus contains both skeletal and smooth muscle and is innervated by? | Vagus nerve
🗑
|
||||
| The lower 1/3 contains only smooth muscle and is innervated by the? | Splanchnic plexus
🗑
|
||||
| The stomach appears as a fusiform dilation of the foregut in the ____week of development | 4th week.
🗑
|
||||
| How does the stomach rotate in development, and what does this cause? | 90 degrees around a longitudinal axis, the left side to face anteriorly and the right side to face posteriorly.
🗑
|
||||
| The original side of the stomach grows faster, to become the? | Greater curvature.
🗑
|
||||
| The anterior side of the stomach becomes the? | Lesser curvature
🗑
|
||||
| What structures form the duodenum? | the terminal part of the foregut and the cephalic part of the midgut
🗑
|
||||
| During the ________ (time period) the lumen of the duodenum is obliterated by the proliferation of cells in its walls. What happens shortly after to the lumen? | 2nd month, it recanalizes
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the duodenum receive its blood supply from? | the celiac trunk (from foregut)and the superior mesenteric artery (from midgut)
🗑
|
||||
| The liver primordium appears in the middle of the third week, as an ________________________- of the distal end of the foregut | outgrowth of the endodermal epithelium
The outgrowth is called the HEPATIC DIVERTICULUM, or LIVER BUD
🗑
|
||||
| What does the liver bud consist of? | Rapidly proliferating cells that penetrate the septum transversum.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the septum transversum? | a mesodermal plate that is found between the pericardial cavity and the yolk sac.
🗑
|
||||
| The septum transversum also helps form part of the...? | Diaphragm
🗑
|
||||
| The ventral outgrowth of the bile duct becomes? | the gallbladder and the cystic duct.
🗑
|
||||
| Epithelial liver cords mingle with vitelline veins and umbilical veins, forming the ? | Hepatic sinusoids.
🗑
|
||||
| What do the liver cords differentiate into? | liver parenchyma, lining of the bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| Mesoderm of the septum transversum divides into? | Hematopoetic stem cells, Kupffer cells, and CT
🗑
|
||||
| During what week is the liver 10% of the body weight? | 10th
🗑
|
||||
| Large clusters of proliferating hematopoetic stem cells lie between the hepatic cells and the vessel walls, which produces? | Red and white blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| When do the hepatic cells begin to form bile? | 12th week
🗑
|
||||
| The action of inhibitors in the regulation of liver induction are blocked in the prospective hepatic region by? | FGF2, secreted by cardiac mesoderm.
🗑
|
||||
| Other factors that participate in the induction of the liver formation are? | BMP's produced by the septum transversum
🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of BMP's? | Seem to enhance the competence of prospective liver endoderm to respond to FGF2
🗑
|
||||
| Cells in the liver field differentiate into both hepatocytes and biliary cell lineages, a process at least partially controlled by | hepatocyte nuclear transcription factors HNF3 and HNF4
🗑
|
||||
| What forms the pancreas? | Two buds from the endodermal lining of the duodenum,
the dorsal pancreatic bud and the ventral pancreatic bud.
🗑
|
||||
| What does the main pancreatic duct (the duct of Wirsung) develop from? | The distal dorsal pancreatic duct and all of the ventral duct.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the proximal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct? | it's either obliterated of persists as an accessory duct. (duct of Santorini)
🗑
|
||||
| Where are FGF2 and activin produced? What do they do? | notochord and endothelium of the dorsal aorta
-repress sonic hedgehog expression in gut endoderm destined to form the dorsal pancreatic bud.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the ventral bud of the pancreas induced by? | Splanchnic mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| What gene is the master for pancreas development? | PDX gene
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of PAX4 and PAX6? | They specify the endocrine cell lineage of the pancreas.
🗑
|
||||
| Cells expressing both PAX 4 and PAX6 become? | Beta cells (secrete insulin)
Delta Cells (Secrete somatostatin)
and Gamma cells (secrete pancreatic polypeptide)
🗑
|
||||
| What do cells only expressing PAX6 become? | Alpha cells (secrete glucagon)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
shuckybean