Fluid and Electrolytes imbalance review
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| Intercellular (ICF) | Body fluids within the cells, contains most of the body fluids about 2/3 in adults.
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| Extracellular (ECF) | Body fluids found outside the cells about 1/3 in adults.
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| Intravasular fluid | Body fluids found to be the plasma/blood
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| Interstitial fluid | Body fluids found between the cells.
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| Third spacing | Another term for fluids found between the cells.
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| Babies | ECF > ICF and are at high risk of volume deficit.
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| Isotonic solution | Equal distribution of water and particles.
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| Hypotonic | Low particles with high water content.
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| Hypertonic | High particles with low water content.
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| Osmosis | The movement of water through a selective permeable cell membrane.
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| Diffusion | A process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration.
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| Active Transport | Particles are moved from a lower concentratrion to a higher conentration with the use of energy.
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| Hydrostatic Pressure | The force of fluid pressing outward against the vessel walls.
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure | The pulling force exerted by colloids(proteins) in a solution.
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| Arteral Capillaries | HP>OP and fluids are pushed out.
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| Venous Capillaries | OP>HP and fluids are pulled into
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| Infants TBW | 70% of fluids
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| Adult males TBW | 60% of fluids
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| Adult females TBW | 50% of fluids
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| Fat Content | Women have greater 5 of body fat than men.
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| Elderly TBW | Have more fat and less water, 40% - 45%
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| NewBorns TBW | Have less fat and more water.
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| TBW | Is determined by intake and output of fluids.
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| Healthy adults/infants | Daily water requirement is 1500 ml of body surface area.
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| Drinking sources | 1400-1800 ml/per day
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| Foods sources | 700-1000 ml/per day
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| Total daily intake source | 2400-3200 ml/per day
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| Oxidative metabolism | 300-400 ml/per day
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| Sensible water loss | Measurable loss, person is aware: Urine, defication, wounds
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| Defication water loss | 100-200 ml/per day
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| Diarrhea water loss | 500 ml/per day
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| Urine water loss | 1-2 L daily/ 1ml/per hr
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| Insensible water loss | Difficult to measure, unaware:Lungs, Skin(sweating)
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| Avg daily insensible water loss | 500-1000 ml/per day
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| Total insensible water loss | 2400-3200 ml/day
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Energy used to given to particles to move against a concentration gradient.
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| Thirst | Occurs with 2% water loss, stimulated by <ECF
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| Kidneys | Key role in fluid&electrolyte balance and regulation of ECF volume.
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| Increase ECF | Increase urine ecrection by the kidneys
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| Decrease ECF | Decrease urine excreation by the kidneys
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| Pituitary Gland | Regulate the release of antidiurectic hormone (ADH)
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| Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH) | Called water conserving hormone: reabsorption of water.
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| Inc secretion of ADH | Inc water retention
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| Dec secretion of ADH | Dec water retention
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| ADH regulated by | High plasma osmolality, hypotension, volume depletion
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| SIADH disorder | Excessive ADH secrection equals excessive water retention
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| Water | 60% in our body where in infants there is 70%
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| Lose electrolytes | by; - vomitting, diarrhea
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| Fatality | If we lose morse than 20% of body fluids
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| ICF | Fluids inside the cell
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| ECF | Fluids outside cell
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| Intravascular | Fluids within the vessel
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| Glucose | Nonelectrolyte- doesnt dissolve in solutions
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| Electrolytes | Dissolve in water and carry a charge (anion or cation)
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| Na+ (sodium) | Found in the interstitial space
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| K+ (potassium) | Found in the intracellular space
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| Osmotic Pressure | The force that drives osmosis
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| Hypothalamus | It drives your thirst (your fluid replacement is unconscious)
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| Obligatory | loss of water through sweating
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| GI tract Function | Location that water and fluid absorbed
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| Kidneys Function | The role in regulation of fluids and electrolytes
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| Weight daily | Most accurate way to measure intake/output
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| ADH | Secreted from the posterior puituitary gland/ adrenal cortex
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| Diaphoresis | Profuse sweating
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| Osmolarity/Osmality | Both measure the conc. of the solution
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| Fluid Output | Kidneys, Skin, Lungs, and GI Tract
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| 1st spacing | Normal dist. of fluid
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| 2nd spacing | Abnormal. dist/ or accumulation of fluid (edema)
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| 3rd spacing | Fluid is trapped (ascites)
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