scientific revolution
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| On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 1543.Heliocentric theory | Nicolaus Copernicus
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| He did not embrace Copernicus's view of universe. Made more naked eye observations of planets than anyone had ever done. HIs data was used by his assistant, Johannes Kepler to help prove his theory of planetary motion | Tycho Brahe
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| Heliocentric model, ellipitcal planetary motion | Johannes Kepler
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| Published Staary Messenger, Letters on Sunspots. First to use telescope to observe heavens.Put on trial by the Church for violating a mandate from 1616. | Galileo Galilei
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| Published The Mathmatical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Principia Mathematica) in 1687. Upheld importance of empirical data and observation. Studied gravity and demonstrated relationship mathematically. Critic of deductive reasoning/Descartes. Very re | Isaac Newton
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| Considered Father of empiricism. Englishman, High Royal Official. Amateur natural philosopher. Books: The Advancement of Learning(1605); Novum Organum (1620); The New Atlantis (1627). Attacked scholasticism. Believed new knowledge would increase power of | Francis Bacon
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| Published Discourse on Method in 1637; Meditations (1641)Mathematician; invented analytic geometry. Developed scientific method that relied more on deduction. "I think,therefore I am". Divided thinking things into two basic categories (cartesian dualis | Rene Descartes
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| Provided philosophical justification for strong central authority.Humans are selfish. "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, short". Leviathan (1651). "a war of every man against every man". did not believe in divine right. use coercive force to compel com | Thomas Hobbes
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| Second Treatise of Government (1690).Letter Concerning Toleration (1689).critic of absolutism. government must be responsible for and responsive to the concerns of the governed. Life, Lberty, Property- Natural rights. Religious toleration. Limited auth | John Locke
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| wife of Duke of Newcastle. well read. only woman allowed to visit Royal Society of London. Wrote Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy (1666) and Grounds of Natural Philosophy (1668) | Margaret Cavendish
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| Discovered comet in 1702. No credit for dicovery until 1930 | Maria Winkelmann
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| French mathematician.Published Pensees(Thoughts).Ally of Jansenists. Felt reason to weak to resolve the problems of human nature. | Blaise Pascal
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| the use of experiment and observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory of philosophy of knowledge. | empiricism
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