Ch. 15 Anatomy and Injuries

Help

Question

Answer

Lower Leg/Ankle

Bones: tibia (medial malleolus), Fibia (lateral malleolus), Talus (link btwn lower leg and foot below tibia), Calcaneus (largest tarsal bone); joints: superior and inferior tibiofibular, talocrural (plantarflexion and dorsiflexion), Subtalar (inversion, e

Lower Leg Muscles (many)

anterior compartment (dorsiflexion and inversion), lateral compartment (plantarflexion and eversion), superficial posterior (plantarflexion), and deep posterior (plantarflexion and inversion)

Inversion ankle sprain

Grade 1- mild stretching of ATF- mild swelling and pain Grade 2- stretching of ATF and CF- moderate pain- pop or snap, ecchymosis Grade 3- damage to ATF, CF, PTF, and joint capsule (rare in sports), severe pain over fibula, hemarthrosis (bleeding into j

Ecchymosis

Bruise

Foot

Bones: 7 tarsals (Navicular, Cueiform, Cuboid, Calcaneous, Talus, Fibula, Tibia), 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges; ARches: transverse arch (cuboid and cuneiforms), anterior metatarsal arch (distal heads of metatarsals), medial longitudinal arch (calcaneus, ta

Foot (cont.)

Muscles: flexor digitorum longus, quadratus plantae, and lumbricals- all flexion of 2nd and 5th phalanges, flexor hallucis and adductor hallucis- for big toe, flexor digiti mini and abductor didgiti minimi- for little toe; Nerves: Superficial peroneal, de

Foot conditions

Pes cavus- high arch Pes planus- flat arch

Toe conditions

Hammer toe- flexion contracture at PIP Mallet toe- flexion contracture at DIP Claw toe- flexion contracture at PIP but hyperextension at MTP