| Question |
 |
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| Answer |
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| Bones of the foot |
comprised of three groups of bones which make up a total of 26 bones in each foot. |
| 7 tarsals |
2 ankle and 5 heel bones |
| 5 metatarsals |
foot bones |
| 14 phalanges |
2 bones in the big toe and 12 bones in the other toes |
| The Ankle |
is made up on the meeting of the lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) with the upper ankle bone (talus) |
| On the outside of the ankle is the fibula |
a small thin bone which helps prevent the major ankle bone from shifting outward. |
| On the medial side of the ankle is a bump |
which is the distal part of the tibia. |
| malleolus |
means “hammer” in Latin, another name for the distal part of the tibia |
| The ankle joint is |
more stable when the foot is flat on the floor. |
| The ankle is |
held in place by the boney stabilizers of the fibula and malleolus because they are closer to the talus |
| The ankle |
becomes less table when the toes are pointed because the distance between the boney stabilizers is larger |
| There is more danger of a sprain |
when the toes are pointed down |
| If the foot is in dorsi flexion |
it is more stable. |
| Six major soft tissue structures |
hold the ankle in place. |
| Four soft tissue structures |
are located on the outside of the ankle |
| All of these soft tissue structures? attach to the small ankle bone of the fibula. |
|
| The most commonly injured ligament of the ankle |
is the Anterior Talo-Fibular Ligament or ATFL. |
| The ATFL |
is often sprained due to a rolling of the ankle during sideways movements with abrupt stops. |
| The second most commonly torn ligament is the |
Calcanea – Fibular ligament which attaches the heel to the fibula. |
| The deltoid ligament |
is on the inside part of the ankle and is triangle shaped like the Greek letter delta |
| The DL |
attaches the Malleolus to the Talus, and is sometimes referred to at the strongest ligament in the body |
| Plantar Fasciitis |
A condition that occurs when there is a large band of tissue on the bottom of the foot called the plantar fascia |
| Plantar |
bottom of the foot |
| Fascia |
Connective Tissue |
| Itis |
Inflammation |
| Plantar Fasciitis Treatment |
includes a stretching routine or foot massage first thing in the morning to loosen the tissue |
| Instability (Giving Away) |
A feeling of instability to your foot or ankle after a single or multiple injuries mean there may be damage to the ligaments of the ankle and foot. |
| Instability |
Can be caused by recurrent sprains, which indicate weakened ligaments |
| Popping/Snapping |
of the ankles or feet without any associated pain or instability is considered to be normal. |
| Popping |
is caused by the tendons and ligaments moving across joint structures during movement if the tendon or ligament is tight. |
| Subluxation |
when tendons jump out of their normal position and then move back. |
| Dislocation |
when these tendons move out and you may have to manually push them back into place. |
| Numbness |
A feeling of pins and needles around your foot and ankle may indicate a compression of your nerves or a general problem with your nerves, such as that caused by diabetes or vascular problems. |
| Bunion |
Malformation of the metatarsal phalageal joint of the big toe resulting in an enlarged bump on the joint of the medial foot. |
| Bunion Treatment |
includes massage, stretching, plantar flexion, and relaxing the foot. |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
