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1st Mid-term

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% of pre-European invasion wetlands have been lost.   50  
Types of Wetlands   Coastal & Inland  
COASTAL.- Tidal salt marshes in the US (x 10^6 ha)   1.9 – mostly East Coast, Gulf Mexico  
Tidal freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha)   0.8 – big rivers East Coast, Gulf Mexico  
Mangrove wetlands (x 10^6 ha)   0.5 – Florida, Texas, Louisiana  
INLAND. - Freshwater marshes (x 10^6 ha)   27 – over half of U.S. in Alaska  
Peatlands(x 10^6 ha)   55 – mainly in Alaska  
•Freshwater swamps(x 10^6 ha) •Riparian systems   25 – in Southern U.S.  
Total in Coastal & Inland over the US (x 10^6 ha)   110  
% of U.S. Wetlands were lost from 1780’s – 1980’s   53 (almost the magic number in Env.)  
Swamps and forested riparian wetlands decrease while...   marshes, shrub wetlands and non-vegetative wetlands have and increase.  
Upland soils.   70 % soil, 15 % air, 15 % water Plants have access to all three  
Wetland soils. Soils particles are submerged or saturated with water   70 % soil, 30 % water  
Air spaces in roots and stems that diffuse oxygen to the plants roots (make up 50-60% of cross sectional root volume)   Aerenchyma  
Air roots that protrude out of the ground and exposed during low tide (have lenticels). Found in Avicennia – black mangrove   Pneumatophores  
Grow above the tidal level and have lenticels (holes for air entry).   Prop roots  
Adaptations in most plants develop from the stem or trunk above the saturation zone   Adventitious roots  
1/5 world's freshwater   Amazon River  


   


 

 

 

 

 

 
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