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Special Senses spelling words defs

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Term
Definition
Accommodation   adjustment of the eye for various distances so that images fall on the retina of the eye  
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achromatopsia   severe congenital deficiency in colour perception; also called complete blindness  
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acuity   clearness or sharpness of a sensory function  
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adnexa   tissues or structures in the body adjacent to or near a related structure  
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amblyopia   lazy eye syndrome  
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ametropia   an error in refraction causing poor focus  
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anacusis   complete deafness; also called anacusia  
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anosmia   loss of sense of smell  
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antiemetics   treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli from reaching the part of the brain that triggers nausea and vomiting  
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antiglaucoma agents   decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea  
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articulating   being loosely joined or connected together to allow motion between the parts  
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astigmatism   defective curvature of the cornea or lens  
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audiometry   measurement of hearing acuity at various sound wave frequencies  
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audition   hearing  
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blepharoplasty   surgical repair to the eye cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun  
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blepharoptosis   prolapse of the eye lid  
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caloric stimulation test   test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibule portion of the nerve of the inner ear to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo  
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cataracts   opacities on the lens or the capsule that encloses the lens, causing loss of vision  
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cerumen   a waxy secretion produced by the glands of the external ear canal to prevent the entrance of tiny foreign particles  
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chalazion   small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst  
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ciliary muscles   muscles which relax or contract to alter the shape of the lens, making it thicker or thinner, thus enabling the light rays to focus upon the retina  
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cochlea   snail shaped inner ear structure  
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cochlea implant   artificial hearing device that produces useful nearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear  
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conjunctivitis   inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye; may be secondary to viral, bacterial or fungal infections or allergy  
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convergence   medial movement of the 2 eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed  
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corectasis   dilation of the pupil  
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cornea   the clear, transparent portion of the sclera, anterior to the lens  
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cyclodialysis   formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma  
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cycloplegic agents   agents which paralyze ciliary muscles, causing dilation of the pupils  
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dacryocystography   radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts  
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dacryocystorhinostomy   creation of an opening into the nose for draining of tears  
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dacryorrhea   flow of tears  
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diopter   measurement of refractive error  
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ear canal   slender tube lined with glands, through which sound waves travel to the middle ear  
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ectropion   eversion or outward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid  
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electronystagmography   method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles  
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emmetropia   correct vision  
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entropion   inversion or inward turning of the edge or the lower eyelid  
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enucleation   removal of the eyeball from the orbit  
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epiphora   abnormal overflow of tears  
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equilibrium   a state of balance, controlled by the semicircular canals and the vestibule  
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esotropia   inward turning of the eye  
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ET   exotropia (turning outward of the eyes)  
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eustachian tube   a tube which connects the nose and the throat with the cavity of the middle ear  
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eustachitis   inflammation of the eustachian tube  
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evisceration   removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact  
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exophthalmos   protusion of one or both eyeballs  
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exotropia   outward turning of the eye  
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fluorescein angiography   assesses blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of fluorescein dye  
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glaucoma   accumulation of aqueous humor in the eye  
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gustation   taste  
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gonioscopy   examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular mobility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma  
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hairs of Corti   tiny nerve ending within the cochlea which combine with cochlear fluid to generate nerve impulses to the brain via the auditory nerve  
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hordeolum   localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye  
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humor   any fluid or semifluid of the body  
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hyperopia   farsightedness  
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incus   one of the 3 bones in the middle ear, shaped like an anvil  
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intracapsular extraction   use of a cold metal probe to remove cataracts  
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iridectomy   excision of the iris  
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iritis   inflammation of the iris  
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keratocentesis   surgical puncture of the cornea  
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labyrinth   series of intricate communicating passages  
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labyrinthitis   inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process  
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lacrimal   pertaining to a tear  
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malleus   one of the 3 bones of the middle ear; shaped like a hammer  
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mastoid antrotomy   surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process  
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mastoid process   one of the temporal bones which encloses the sinuses  
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meniere disease   disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing  
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metamorphopsia   visual distortion of objects  
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mydriatics   drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye or stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing the pupil to dilate  
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myringoplasty   reconstruction of the ear drum  
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noise-induced hearing loss NIHL   condition caused by the destruction of hair cells that organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are "too long, too loud, or too close."  
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nyctalopia   impaired vision in dim light; also called night blindness  
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nystagmus   involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision  
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olfaction   smell  
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olfactory   pertaining to smell  
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opaque   substance that does not allow the passage of light; not, transparent  
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ophthalmic antibiotics   inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye  
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ophthalmic decongestants   constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion  
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ophthalmic moisturizers   sooth dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens  
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ophthalmodynamometry   visual examination of the interior of the eye using a hand-held instruments called an ophthalmoscope which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye  
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ophthalmoplegia   paralysis of the eye  
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optometrist   one who specializes in eye measurement  
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orthoptic training   exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that uses training glasses, prism glasses or tinted or coloured lenses  
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ossicles   three tiny articulating bones in the middle ear  
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otalgia   ear pain  
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otic analgesics   provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation associated with otic disorders  
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otitis externa   infection of the external auditory canal  
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otitis media   inflammation of the middle ear  
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otoplasty   corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna  
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otosclerosis   hardening of the spongy bone around the oval window of the ear, causing hearing loss  
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otoscopy   visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope  
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papilledema   edema and hyperemia or the optic disc usually associated with increased ICP, also called choked disc  
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perilymph   fluid that very closely resembles spinal fluid but found in the cochlea  
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phacoemulsification   method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed  
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photophobia   unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light  
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photopigments   light-sensitive pigment in the retinal cones and rods that absorbs light and initiates the visual process; also called visual pigment  
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prebycusis   impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called prebyacusia  
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presbyopia   form of farsightedness associated with aging; loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens  
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pressure-equalizing tubes (PE)   tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane; commonly to treat chronic otitis media also called tympanostomy tubes or ventilation tubes  
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radial keratotomy   incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism  
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refractive   ability to bend light rays as they pass from one medium to another  
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retinitis pigmentosa   chronic progressive disease of degeneration of the retina and atrophy of the optic nerve  
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retinopathy   any disorder of retinal blood vessels  
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retinoscopy   evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflective light rays  
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sclera   the white of the eye, composed of tough, fibrous tissue which serves as a protective shield for the more sensitive structures underneath  
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sclerostomy   surgical formation of an opening in the sclera  
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ST   esotropia (inward turning of eyes)  
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strabismus   condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other or out of synchrony  
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stapes   one of the 3 bones of the middle ear; shaped like stirrups  
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stye   a localized circumscribed inflammation of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid  
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tinnitus   perception of ringing, hissing or other sounds in the ear or head when no external sound is present  
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tonometry   evaluation of ICP by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force  
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trachoma   chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in the southwestern US that typically leads to blindness  
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tunic   layer or cot of tissue; also called membrane layer  
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tuning for test   method used to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork  
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tympanoplasty   reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty  
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vertigo   hallucination of movement or a feeling of spinning or dizziness  
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vestibule   a chamber that joins the choclea and semicircular canals  
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visual acuity test (VA)   part of the eye examination that determines the smallest letter that can be read on a standardized chart at a distance of 20 feet  
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visual field (VF)   area within which objects may be seen when the eye is in a fixed position  
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