photosynthesis
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| chemical formula | 6CO2 +H20--->(light energy) C6H1206 +602
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| names of two steps needed for photosynthesis | light reactions and calvin cycle.
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| autotrophs | an organism that uses energy from sunlight to create its own food.
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| heterotrophs | an organism that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight.
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| chloroplasts | organelles found in the cells of plants and algae.
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| thylakoids | a system of membranes that are arranged as flattened sacs (like pancakes=]) *inside chloroplast*
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| grana | a stack of thylakoids *inside chloroplast*
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| stroma | a solution that surrounds the grana *inside the chloroplast*
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| pigments | compounds that absorb light
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| chlorophylls | pigments in the membranes of thylakoids. two types: a & b
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| carotenoids | function as *accessory pigments in the thylakoid membrane (yellow orange and brown)
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| Photosystem | Cluster of pigments molecules and the proteins in the pigment molecules.Two types: | and ||
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| Primary electron acceptor | A molecule that takes excited electrons and brings them to the electron transport chain.*In the Thylakoid membrane*
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| Electron transport Chain | Molecules that trandfer electrons from one molecule to the next.*Located in the Thylakoid membrane* Is transported to from the primary electron acceptor.
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| Chemiosmosis | How ATP is produced through light reactions.
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| Calvin Cycle | A series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar.
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| Carbon Fixation | The transformation of CO2 into organic compounds.
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| Stromata | Small pores in plants.
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| C Pathway 4 | Pathway that enables certain plants to fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds. Plants that use it are known as C plants. 4
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| CAM Pathway | Plants that have a different adaptation to hot, dry climates fix carbon through this pathway. The pathway opens their stromata at night and close them during the day. The opposite of what other plants do. They grow fairly slowly and lose less water.
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| light reactions | the process of the first cycle of photosynthesis. it converts light energy into chemical energy and produces ATP and NADPH.
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