the relationship to a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on earth
Fractional Scale
numerical ratio 1:24,000
Written Scale
description in words “1 inch equals 1 mile”
Graphic Scale
bar line showing distance I------I
Site
physical characteristic of a place
Situation
The relative location of a place
Meridian
Lines of longitude running in the north-south direction ending at the poles
Parrallel
lines of latitude parallel to the equator
Greenwich Mean Time
The time at the prime meridian
International Date Line
180 degrees from Prime Meridian – 24 hours
Telling time from longitude
From Prime Meridian going west loose 1 hour/15 degrees – east gain 1 hour/15 degrees
Formal Region
Everyone shared distinct characteristics
Functional Region
Area organized around a focal point
Vernacular Region
A perceptual region – beliefs and cultural identity
Spatial Association
the distribution of one phenomenon that is scientifically related to the location of another phenomenon
Spacial Distribution
arrangement of phenomenon across the earth’s surface
Concentration
the spread of something over a given area
Clustered Concentartion
close together
Dispersed Concentraton
far apart
Density
the frequency of which something occurs
Arithmetic Density
the total number of people in a given area
Physiological Density
the number of persons per unit area of suitable agricultural land
Agricultural Density
number of farmers per area of farmland
Distribution
the arrangement of a feature in a space - a. Three types – density, concentration, pattern
Pattern
the arrangement of objects in space
Culture
customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a group of people in tradition
Hearth
where an idea originates
Acculturation
the spread of cultural traits from one society to another
Diffusion
spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another
Relocation Diffusion
spreading through physical movement
Expansion Diffusion
Spreading in a snowballing process
Contagious Diffusion
rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population – example - influenza
Stimulus Diffusion
the spread of an underlying principal though the characteristic itself might diffuse – example – principals from Apple computer though the company diffused.
Hierarchical Diffusion
The spread from authority or power to other people – example – political leaders or hip hop music
Environmental Determinism
physical environment dictates the social environment
Possibilism
Humans have the ability to adjust to the environment
