Clinical Laboratory Procedures
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| Define the "field of microbiology" | study of all microorganisms, living structures that can be seen only with powerful magnification
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| Define POL. | Physician's Office Laboratory
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| Define CLIA. | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act 1988
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| Name the 7 different kinds of cultures. | throat, sputum, urine, blood, wound, genital, nose, stool
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| what is the least amount of time a culture would need to grow before being examined for identification? | 12 hours
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| what two things must be achieved in order for the culture to grow? | optimum environment and temperature
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| what is the name of the natural bacteria found in the body? | normal flora
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| what is the purpose of normal flora | it helps with the body's immune system
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| can some specimens be refrigerated without harming it? | yes
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| name the media that will keep a specimen on a swab moist until it is cultured. | holding media
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| what department of a hospital works closely with the microbiology department to determine if certain organisms are causing infections? | infection control department
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| what is the name of the nuclear material that all living cells contain? | DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
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| once bacteria encapsulate themselves with a protective protein coating, they become known as what? | spores
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| how long can spores live? | 150,000 YEARS
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| what would be an example of a spore? | tetanus
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| what is the amount of time an autoclave is set to sufficiently kill infectious agents, spores, viruses, and contaminants? | 15-20 min
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| define aerosols. | airborne particles that can be released into the air when culturing
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| what piece of protective equipment is used to protect the medical assistant and other laboratory personnel when working with aerosols? | safety hood
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| define aerobic. | grows well in oxygen
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| define anaerobic | does not grow well or at all in oxygen
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| define inoculating loop | piece of wire with rounded edge used to transfer organisms on a culture medium in a plate or broth.
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| what is the quickest method of sterilizing the inoculating loop and needle? | incinerator
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| name the four most important steps in specimen handling. | 1) standard precautions are strictly followed2) specimens are properly collected3) specimens are in the proper container4) specimens reach lab in a minimal amount of time
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| how often are quality control checks done when testing specimens? | every test or according to manufacturers instructions
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| how often should temperature controls be monitored on equipment in the lab? | daily
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| define MSDS | material safety data sheets
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| when should "standard precautions" be practiced? | All the time and especially while obtaining and processing specimens
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| what type of specimen is obtained from doing a lumbar puncture (LP) procedure? | CSF= cerebrospinal fluid
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| what does a culture medium contain? | nutrients compared to human tissue to encourage growth of microorganisms.
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| name the three shapes of bacteria. | cocci-round bacilli-rod shaped spirilla-spiral shaped
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| what is a wet-mount preparation? | a specimen suspended in liquid for viewing under the microscope.
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| what is wet-mount prep used for? | to diagnose the cause of fungal and bacterial infections.
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| what preparation is used to study fungi and spores? | KOH= potassium hydroxide preparation
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| what has the appearance of gelatin? | agar
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| what is the name of the container used to grow bacteria? | petri dish
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| media in a liquid form is stored in what kind of tube? | broth tube
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| a primary culture is read after being incubated for ____ to ____ hours. | 24 to 48 hours
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| Group A streptococcus is also known as _________. | Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Group A
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| Group A streptococcus bacteria have what shape? | round
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| If group A streptococcus goes untreated what can it cause? | kidney or heart valve damage
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| what is the benefit of performing a rapid strep test versus a throat culture? | results within minutes
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| what is the difference between a rapid strep test and a throat culture? | rapid strep test is only a screening tool. throat culture is when the bacteria is actually grown, identified, and tested for sensitivity.
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| what does it mean if a bacteria is reported as "sensitive to"? | the antibiotic being tested is effective against it
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| what does it mean if a bacteria is reported as "resistant to"? | the antibiotic being tested is not effective against it
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| why are we seeing more parasitic infections? | public awareness and the age of travel
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| where are parasites found? | blood, urine, and feces
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| What is the name of the study of parasites? | parasitology
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| what type of container should be used to collect a specimen for ova and parasites? What kind of specimen would we need to collect | wide mouth containers with a tight lid for a fecal specimen
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| what is enterobius vermicularis? | round worm
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| what are some of the symptoms of enterobius vermicularis? | severe itching, irritability, insomnia at night
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| what type of test would be performed to diagnose enterobius vermicularis? | cellophane tape swab on the anus at night when the round worm is active near the anus
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| what is mycology? | study of fungus
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| what is the most common type of infection in the field of mycology? | yeast infections
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| microbiology does not include the study of _________ and ____________. | plants and animals
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| study of algae | phycology
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| study of viruses | virology
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| study of protozoa | protozoology
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| study of bacteria | bacteriology
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| study of fungus | mycology
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| study of animals | zoology
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| study of plants | botany
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| study of microorganisms | microbiology
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| study of resistance | immunology
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