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PFT_Terms_Chapter04

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
aerobic   needing oxygen to survive  
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aminoglycoside   a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits; commonly used to treat serious infections  
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anaerobic   capable of surviving in the absence of oxygen  
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antibiotic   a chemical substance with the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacteria life processes  
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antiseptic   a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the outside of the body  
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arrthythmia   variation in heartbeat, irregular heartbeat  
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bacteria   small, single-celled microorganisms that exist in three main forms: spherical (i.e., cocci), rod shaped (i.e., bacilli), and spiral (i.e., spirilla)  
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bactericidal agent   a drug that kills bacteria  
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bacteriostatic agent   a drug that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria  
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broad-spectrum antibiotic   an antibiotic that is effective against multiple organisms  
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cephalosporin   a class of antibiotics with a mechanism of action similar to that of penicillins, but with a different antibacterial spectrum, resistance to beta-lactamase, and pharmacokinetics; divided into first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation agents  
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chelation   combination of an organic molecule such as a drug with a metal in complexes in which the metal ion is part of a ring  
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community-acquired   contracted outside of the hospital  
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cyclic lipopeptide   a new class of antibiotics that bind to bacterial membranes and cause the cell membrane to depolarize, thus leading to an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis  
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disinfectant   an agent that frees inanimate objects from infection  
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D5W   dextrose 5% in water  
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empirical treatment   treatment begun before a definite diagnosis can be obtained  
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Gram staining   a staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-positive (purple) or gram-negative (red) based on the properties of their cell walls  
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hypotension   low blood pressure  
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infection   a condition in which bacteria grow in body tissues and cause tissue damage to the host either by their presence or by toxins they produce  
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ketolide   a class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits and may also inhibit the formation of new ribosomes; used primarily to treat bacterial infections in the lungs and sinuses  
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macrolide   a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by combining with ribosomes; used primarily to treat pulmonary infections caused by Legionella and gram-positive organisms  
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nephrotoxicity   ability to damage the kidneys  
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nosocomial   acquired by patients in the hospital  
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NS   normal saline  
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ophthalmic   to be used in the eye  
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otic   to be used in the ear  
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ototoxicity   ability to damage the organs of hearing  
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penicillin   a class of antibiotics obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum; kill bacteria by preventing them from forming a rigid cell wall, thereby allowing an excessive amount of water to enter through osmosis and cause lysis of the bacterium cell  
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pH   a measurement of acidity or alkalinity. pH 7 is neutral; a solution with a pH above 7 is alkaline; a solution with a pH below 7 is acidic  
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quinolone   a class of antibiotics with rapid bactericidal action against most gram-negative and many gram-positive bacteria; work by causing DNA breakage and cell death; cross the blood-brain barrier  
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sepsis   a systemic inflammatory response to infection resulting from blood-borne infections  
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome   a sometimes fatal form of erythema multiforme (an allergic reaction marked by red blotches on the skin)  
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streptogramin   one of a class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial ribosomes; useful in the treatment of vancomycin- and methicillin-resistant infections  
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sulfonamides   sulfa drugs; a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that work by blocking a specific step in the biosynthetic pathway of folic acid in bacteria  
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superinfection   a new infection complicating the course of therapy of an existing infection  
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tetracyclines   a class of broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics that are produced by soil organisms and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes  
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