| Word |
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| Definition |
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| Factors |
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| Substances |
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| Crenate |
to shrink in size |
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| Hemolysis |
process of a blood cell rupturing in hypotonic solution |
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| Tonicity |
effect of solutions on cell |
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| Passive Transport |
no energy needed |
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| Active Transport |
energy needed |
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| Brownian Movement |
motion that causes them to bump into adjacent molecules |
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| Kinetic Energy |
supplied by Brownian movement needed for passive transport mechanisms |
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| Concentraction Gradient |
unequally distributed this will exist and one region will have a greater concentration of the substance than other regions |
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| Quilibrium |
substance will diffuse until an equal distribution occurs |
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| Solution |
result of dissolving a solute |
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| Solute |
ex. salt |
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| Solvent |
ex. water |
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| Osmotic Pressure |
greater the solute concentration the greater the osmotic pressure f the solution |
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| Reverse Osmosis |
a process in which the pressure applied to arm b is greater than the osmotic pressure |
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| Dialysis |
passive process similar to osmosis except that, besides water, small solute particles can pass through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| Kidney dialysis |
remove wastes from the blood of the patient whose kidneys are not functioning properly |
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| Isontonic |
solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell |
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| Hypertonic |
solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate |
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| Isontonic |
solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell |
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| Hypertonic |
solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate |
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| Pinocytosis |
cell invaginates a small area of the cell membrane and traps not the large particles of phagocytois by rather small particles and fluid |
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| Exocytosis |
active transport of materials out of the cell |
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| Diffusion |
molecular movement of solutes direction determined by relative concentrations |
size of gradient, size of molecules, change, lipid solubility temp. |
small inorganic ions, lipid soluble materials |
| Osmosis |
movement of water molecules |
concenttration gradient, opposing osmotic of hydrostatic pressure |
water only (all cells) |
| Filtration |
movement of water, usually with solute, by hydrostatic pressure requires filtration membrane |
amunt of pressure, size of pores in filter |
water and small ions (blood vessels) |
| Facilitated diffusion |
carrier proteins passively transport solutes across a membrane down a concentration gradient |
size of gradient, temp., availability of carrier protein |
glucose and amino acids |
| Active Transport |
carrier proteins actively transport solutes across a membrane regardles of any concentration gradients |
availability of carrier, substrate, and ATP |
NA+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ |
| Secondary Active Transport |
carrier proteins passively transport two solutes, with one moving down its concentration gradient |
availability of carrier,substrates, and ATP |
glucose and amino acids |
| Endocytosis |
creation of membranous vesicles containing fluid or solid material |
stimulus and mechanics incompletely understood, requires ATP |
fluids, nutrients, debris, pathogens |
| Exocytosis |
fusion of vesicles, containing fluids and/or solids within the cell membrane |
stimulus and mechanics incompletly understood, requires ATP |
fluids, debris |
| Hypotonic |
solution containing less solute than a cell; cells lyse |
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| Phagocytosis |
movement of large particles into the cell |
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or...
