A & P Lab USM
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| Crenate | to shrink in size |
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| Hemolysis | process of a blood cell rupturing in hypotonic solution |
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| Tonicity | effect of solutions on cell |
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| Passive Transport | no energy needed |
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| Active Transport | energy needed |
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| Brownian Movement | motion that causes them to bump into adjacent molecules |
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| Kinetic Energy | supplied by Brownian movement needed for passive transport mechanisms |
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| Concentraction Gradient | unequally distributed this will exist and one region will have a greater concentration of the substance than other regions |
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| Quilibrium | substance will diffuse until an equal distribution occurs |
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| Solution | result of dissolving a solute |
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| Solute | ex. salt |
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| Solvent | ex. water |
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| Osmotic Pressure | greater the solute concentration the greater the osmotic pressure f the solution |
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| Reverse Osmosis | a process in which the pressure applied to arm b is greater than the osmotic pressure |
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| Dialysis | passive process similar to osmosis except that, besides water, small solute particles can pass through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| Kidney dialysis | remove wastes from the blood of the patient whose kidneys are not functioning properly |
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| Isontonic | solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell |
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| Hypertonic | solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate |
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| Isontonic | solution has the same solute concentraations as a cell |
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| Hypertonic | solution containing more solute (and therefore less solvent) than a cell; cell crenate |
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| Pinocytosis | cell invaginates a small area of the cell membrane and traps not the large particles of phagocytois by rather small particles and fluid |
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| Exocytosis | active transport of materials out of the cell |
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| Diffusion | molecular movement of solutes direction determined by relative concentrations | size of gradient, size of molecules, change, lipid solubility temp. | small inorganic ions, lipid soluble materials
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| Osmosis | movement of water molecules | concenttration gradient, opposing osmotic of hydrostatic pressure | water only (all cells)
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| Filtration | movement of water, usually with solute, by hydrostatic pressure requires filtration membrane | amunt of pressure, size of pores in filter | water and small ions (blood vessels)
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| Facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins passively transport solutes across a membrane down a concentration gradient | size of gradient, temp., availability of carrier protein | glucose and amino acids
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| Active Transport | carrier proteins actively transport solutes across a membrane regardles of any concentration gradients | availability of carrier, substrate, and ATP | NA+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+
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| Secondary Active Transport | carrier proteins passively transport two solutes, with one moving down its concentration gradient | availability of carrier,substrates, and ATP | glucose and amino acids
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| Endocytosis | creation of membranous vesicles containing fluid or solid material | stimulus and mechanics incompletely understood, requires ATP | fluids, nutrients, debris, pathogens
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| Exocytosis | fusion of vesicles, containing fluids and/or solids within the cell membrane | stimulus and mechanics incompletly understood, requires ATP | fluids, debris
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| Hypotonic | solution containing less solute than a cell; cells lyse |
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| Phagocytosis | movement of large particles into the cell |
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