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Nervous System Vocabulary Terms

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Term
Definition
Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter brain tissue and keep others out   blood-brain barrier  
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Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries   astrocyte  
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Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord   cauda equina  
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Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells   acetylcholine  
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Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell   brainstem  
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Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from receptors   axon  
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Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord   afferent nerve  
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Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus   cell body  
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Middle layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord   arachnoid membrane  
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Contains nerves that control involuntary body functions or muscles, glands, and internal organs   autonomic nervous system  
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Motor nerve that carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord   efferent nerve  
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Largest part of the brain   cerebrum  
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Includes the brain and spinal cord   central nervous system  
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Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first to receive a nervous impulse   dendrite  
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Posterior part of the brain; coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance   cerebellum  
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Glial (neuroglial) cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form cerebrospinal fluid   ependymal cell  
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Outer region of the cerebrum; contains sheets of nerves   cerebral cortex  
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Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord   cerebrospinal fluid  
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Thick, outermost layer of the meninges   dura mater  
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Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain   cranial nerves  
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