A&P lab 1&2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Anatomical position (4) | Person standing erect;face directed forward,upperlimbs hanging to the side and palms of hand facing forward
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| supine | Lying face upward
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| Prone | lying fact downward
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| "Up" in anatomy | superior
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| "down" in anatomy | inferior
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| "front" | anterior
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| "back" | posterior
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| In humans, superior (or up) is synonymous with | cephalic (which means toward the head)
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| In humans, inferior (or down) is synonymous with | caudal (which means toward the tail)
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| Terms cephalic and caudal are used to describe movements on the ____ but not directional movements of the _______ | trunk - but not limbs
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| Anterior means | that which goes before
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| ventral means | belly
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| Anterior and ventral | Anterior surface is belly surface which "goes before" when we walk
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| Posterior and dorsal | Posterior means "that which follows" and dorsal means "back"
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| Posterior and dorsal both have | "O" in the first sylable
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| Proximal | nearest the trunk or point of origin "proximus" nearest
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| distal | means distant L. "di" plus "sto" to stand apart or to be distant
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| medial | means toward the midline
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| proximal- as description | closer to point of attachment
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| distal ex. | fingertip is distal to elbow
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| Superficial (in anatomy) | refers to structure close to surface of the body - ex.skin is superficial to muscle
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| Central region of body (3) | head, neck & trunk
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| Trunk (3) | thorax (chest) abdomen (region between thorax & pelvis) & pelvis (inferior end of trunk associated with pelvis)
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| Sagittal | sagittal L."flight of the arrow" body would be split by an arrow passing anteriorly to posteriorly
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| Median plane (sagittal plane) | passes through midline of body & divides it into equal right & left halves.
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| Transverse or horizontal plane | runs parallel to ground & divides body into superior and inferior portions
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| Frontal or coronal plane | Runs vertically from right to left and divides body into anterior and posterior parts
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| Longitudinal section | Organs are sectioned to reveal internal structure
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| Cross or transverse section of organ | RIGHT ANGLE cut to the long axis of an organ
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| Oblique section of organ | Any cut other than a right angle cut across the long axis
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| Body cavities | a hollow space L. a hole
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| Thoracic cavity | Lungs, esophagus, trachea, blood vessesl, thymus, heart
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| Mediastinum | contains the heart, thymus gland, trachea esophagus & blood vessels & nerves
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| mediatinum divides the | thoracic cavity
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| the lungs are part of the | thoracic cavity
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| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys
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| Pelvic cavity | urinary bladder, part of the large intestine and internal reproductive organs
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| Are abdonimal and pelvic cavities separated like the thoracic cavity? | No, they are sometimes called the abdominopelvic cavity
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| Quadrants | Regions of abdomen - Upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left
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| Regions of abdomen | Tic-tac-toe planes
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| Where is appendix located? | right-lower quadrant - pain is usually felt there
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| Regions (9) | epigastric, right and left hypochondriac, umbilical, righ and left lumbar, hypogastric, and right and left iliac
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| diaphragm | musculomembranous partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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| parietal serous membrane | OUTER balloon wall
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| Visceral serous membrane | inner balloon wall
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| peritoneum | the serous membrane, consisting of mesothelium and connecting tissue, that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the viscera contained therein; it forms two sacs a. the peritoneal (or greater) sac and the epiploic foramen.
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| peritoneum means | L. "to stretch over"
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| pleura | prefix meaning rib - side
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| pericardium | around the heart-heart
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| eleven organ systems | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiobascular, urinary, female & male
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| Nine - top layer-Gastric/hypochondriac - | Epigastric (remember stomach w/gastric juices is high) right & left hypochondriac region
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| Nine abdominal regions - middle-what's in the middle of your abdomen? | Umbilical region - Right & left LUMBAR region
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| Nine abdominal regions-Lower Abdomen - | hypogastric region - right & left iLiAc (lower abdomen)
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| Peritoneal cavity | the abdominopelvic cavity contains a serous membrane
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| Dorsal body cavity - organs | spine - spinal chord-nerves, blood vessels
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| anterior body cavities VENTRAL body cavities | thoracic cavity-heart, lungs, thymus, esophagus & trachea
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| mediastinum | In middle of thoracic cavity - heart - separates lungs
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| diaphragm | separates thorcic cavity from abdomina-pelvic
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| retro-peritoneal | behind serous membrane in peritoneal cavity
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| retro-pertioneal (3 organs) | kidneys, urinary bladders, adrenal glands (sit atop kidneys) pancreas
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| abdominopelvic | spleen, kidneys, digestive organs, liver, bladder, reproductive organs
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| cytoplasmic inclusions (includes what???) | Glycogen-storage components for cell -
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| How do you use microscope? ("O's" for "lows") | Stage in lowest position-lowest objective in place - covered with projector
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| Lowest lens power(red) | 4 plus Ocular lens 10 = 40
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| Medium lens power (yellow) - including ocular | 10 x 10 (ocular)= 100
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| High - blue band | 40 x 10 (ocular) = 400
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| cytoskeleton | proteins - support cell wall
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| plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer-cholesterol
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| cytoplasm - cytosol | contains fluid-cytoskeleton- microtubules-hollow cylinders which support flagellum, movement
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| in membrane - where are HEADS pointing-what do they love??? | POLAR HEADS LOVE WATER
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| In membrane, where are TAILS - what do they HATE? | Tails hate water (hydrophobic) tails line up & tickle each other
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| Nucleus | membrane bound structure - contains genetic material
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| nuclear envelope | Double membrane (like a folded envelope) has nuclear pores
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| What structure is continuous with the nuclear envelope??? | the endoplasmic reticulum
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| Endoplasmic reticulum contains what (think long words...long spaces) | Ribosomal RNA along walls
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| ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum | protein synthesis
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| SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum | manufactures lipids & carbohydrates; stores calcium
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| golgi apparatus | modification & packaging of proteins produced in ER
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| Lysosome | digestive enzymes
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| peroxisome | lipid & amino acid degradation - breaks down Hydrogen peroxide
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| lyse | to break up- to disintegrate
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| mitochondria | ATP production - own DNA-through mother
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| chondrio | cartilage or cartilaginous-or; granular or gritty substance [Gr. groats, grit, gristle]
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| nucleolus | dense body contains ribosomal RNA & proteins-for cell reproduction
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| proteosome | tube-like protein complexes in cytoplasm-break down unwanted proteins
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| centrioles (like TUBES) | near nucleus, move to ends of cells & organize spindle fibers
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| glycoproteins in phospholipid bilayer | recognize other proteins
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| pelvic cavity | contains reproductive organs & organs of elimination
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| abdominal cavity | contains digestive organs, kidneys, stomach, digestion
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| ventral cavity | hollow portion from neck to pelvis
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