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Identify and Define

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Lorenzo de Medici   A clever politician and a patron of arts.  
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Francesco Petrarch   A lyric poet who perfected a form of poetry known as the sonnet.  
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Leonardo de Vinci   An inventor and artist. Most famous for "Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa."  
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Michelangelo   Sculptor, musician, poet, painter, and architect. Famous for "Sistine Chapel."  
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Raphael   Painter who painted "Assumption of the Virgin," and "School of Athens."  
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Baldassare Castiglione   Wrote books about manners, skills, learning, virtues of a member of court.  
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Niccolo Machiavelli   Wrote "The Prince" the guide to rulers on how to gain and to keep power.  
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Patron   Person who provides financial support for the arts.  
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Humanism   Intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues.  
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Humaninities   Study of subjects taught in ancient Greece and Rome, such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.  
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Perspective   Artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a three-dimensional effect.  
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Albrecht Durer   German Leonardo. Etched designs on metal plate with acid.  
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Jan van Eyck   Flemish. Developed oil paint to produce strong colors and hard surface.  
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Francois Rabelais   French. Satirist. Monk. Greek scholar. Doctor. Author. Ideal Renaissance man.  
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William Shakespeare   English. Playwright. Poet. Wrote "Macbeth"  
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Miguel de Cervantes   Spanish. Novelist. His well-known work:"Don Quioxite."  
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Johann Gutenberg   German, printed a complete edition of Bible with a printing press.  
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Engraving   Art form in which etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints.  
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Vernacular   Everyday language of ordinary people.  
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Utopian   Any ideal society.  
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Protestant Reformation   New calls for reform unleashed force that would shatter Christian unity.  
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Martian Luther   A German monk and professor of theology who triggered the revolt.  
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Peace of Augsburg   signed in 1555, allowed each prince to decide which religion-Catholic or Lutheran-would be followed in his lands.  
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John Calvin   The most important reformer to follow Martin Luther.  
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Huguenot   French Calvinists  
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John Knox   A Calvinist preacher in Scotland that led a religious rebellion.  
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indulgence   lessening of time a soul would have to spend in purgatory.  
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recant   to give up views.  
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predestination   The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.  
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Theocracy   Government run by church leaders.  
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Henry VIII   32" waist. talented. attacked Luther in pamphlet. 'Defender of Faith.'  
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Elizabeth I   Queen of England, she slowly enforced a series of reforms.  
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Council of Trent   Reaffirmed traditional Catholic values. That Protestants challenge. Bible is not sole source.  
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Inquisition   A Church court that used secret testimony, torture, and execution to root out heresy.  
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Jesuit   The Society of Jesus  
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Teresa of Avila   born into a wealthy Spanish family, set up her own order of nuns.  
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Annul   cancel  
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Canonize   Recognized as a Saint.  
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Compromise   Acceptable middle ground.  
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Scapegoat   A person forced to take the blame of others' problems.  
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ghetto   Separate part of the city.  
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Nicolaus Copernicus   Polish. Publishes heliocentric idea. says sun is at center.  
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Johannes Kelper   German. Supports Copernicus. calculates orbits of planets around the sun.  
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Galileo Galilei   Italian. New telescope. Spots on sun.  
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Francis Bacon   English. Stresses experimentation.  
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Rene Descartes   English. Emphasized human reasoning.  
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Isaac Newton   Discovered a force he called gravity. Came up with the laws of physics.  
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Robert Boyle   Distinguished individual elements and chemical compounds.  
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Heliocentric   Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe  
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Hypothesis   Possible explanation  
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Scientific Method   Painstacking method used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis.  
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Gravity   Force that tends to pull one mass or object to another  
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