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The Restless Earth

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Term
Definition
The Earth's 3 layers are:   1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core  
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Molten Rock is   Warm melted rocks  
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The Earth's crust is broken up into   Plates, which carry the continents and oceans  
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Continental Drift is   the movement of the Earth's plates  
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Plate Boundaries are   the places where plates meet  
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At plate boundaries plates do 3 things:   1. Collide (Crash together) 2. Separate (Pull apart) 3. Slide past eachother (Jump past eachother)  
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When plate collide (Crash together)   Fold Mountains form.  
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Fold Mountains form when   1. When 2 plates crash together 2. Both plates are pushed up and form a fold.  
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When plates separate (pull apart)   Volcanoes form.  
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Volcanoes form when   1. Two plates separate 2. Earths surface cracks and magma comes up and lava comes out of the crack and ooze out onto the earth's surface. 3. The lava cools and hardens and over a long time builds up and up to form a volcano.  
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Magma is   molten rock, found under the earth's surface.  
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Lava is   What we call magma when it reaches the earths surface.  
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The main parts of a volcano are   1. Crater 2. Vent 3. Magma chamber 4. Layers of ash and lava  
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The 3 types of Volcano are:   1. Active (alive) 2. Dormant (Sleeping) 3. Extinct (Dead)  
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Volcanic activity forms   1. Volcanic mountains 2. Mid-ocean ridges 3. Volcanic Islands  
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Advantages of Volcanoes   1. Hot Springs (Used for hot water/electricity) 2. Tourist attractions  
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Disadvantages of Volcanoes   1. Kill people 2. Damage property  
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When plates slide past eachother (jump past eachother)   Earthquakes happen  
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Earthquakes happen when   1. Two plates slide past eachother, point where this happens inside the earth is the focus 2. The point above this on the earth's surface is the Epicenter 3.Tremors(Shock waves) move out from the focus like waves of vibration and cause damage.  
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Focus is   The place inside the earth where and Earthquake starts  
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Epicenter is   Point above the focus on the earth's surface where the most damage is done.  
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Tremors (Shock waves) are   Waves of vibration which spread out from the focus causing damage  
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Most damage is done   close to the epicenter and less is done the further you move away from the epicenter.  
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Earthquakes are measured by   Seismographs  
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Earthquakes are measured on   The Richter Scale  
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Aftershocks are   Smaller tremors which occur hours or days after the original earthquake  
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Disadvantages of Earthquakes   1. Kill People 2. Destroy buildings 3. Damage to gas pipes can cause frs  
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Ways to limit damage of an earthquake   1. Make earthquake proof buildings which are build to sway(rock) when earthquakes happen. 2. Build buildings on stable ground  
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Most of the worlds Earthquakes and Volcanoes happen in   The Pacific Ring of Fire  
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