part two OTC test 2
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| gingivitis vs periodontitis | gigivitis no migration where as periodontitis migrates to apex of tooth and root is exposed/could lead to loss of teeth and progression to acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
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| periodontitis can lead to | ANUG, trench mouth and vincent's stomatitis
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| a medicated cleaning material applied to teeth by brushing is called (redues plaque, stains, odor and dental cariess) | dentifries (powders, pastes and gels) TOOTHPASTE
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| common ingredients you would find in dentifries are | abrasives, fluoride, anticalculus/tartar control, antibacterial, sodium bicarbonate, flavor sweetner
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| common abrasives that are found in dentifrices are | salicates, dicalcium phosphate, alumina trihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium carbonate and sodium metaphosphate
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| the only approved ADFA antibacterial toothpasted that has been shown to reduce the risk of gingivitis is | Triclosan (colgate Tartar control)
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| agents that do not remove alrady formed calculus that are commonly found in dentifries and may claim to do so | anticalculus and other tartar control agents
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| ADA recommends new tooth brush every ___months and what kind of tooth brush | 3 months and combo of soft and hard, electronic are no better
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| what is the eitology of gingivites | bacteria in dental plaque invade gum tissue, hormonal changes, leukemia, chemotherypy, HIV
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| treatment for sensitive teeth may include | 5 % potassium nitrate that blocks perception of stimuli to dentin. takes two weeks or more for effect
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| local anesthetics for toothache | benzocaine 5-20% and phenol 0.5 aspirin and NSAIDS my proved limited relief
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| Teething is not associated with | vomiting, diarrhea, nasal congestion, fever, or rashes. These are probably to do some other condition as earch ache or GI problems
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| canker sores are ofter called | aphthouse stomatitis RAS
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| a common ingredient that is know to contribute to canker sores is | sodium lauryl sulfate
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| topical anesthetics used in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis (canker sore) | benzocaine, menthol, phenol, butacaine, and benzyl alcohol (chloraseptic is an example of mouthrines with anesthetics)
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| cleansing, debriding, and possibly antibacterial agent used for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis | carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
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| protectants used for aphthous | orabase, denture adhesive powder
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| neutralize gastric acid | antacids ( they do not inhibit amount or rate of secretion of stomach acid) antacids differ from each other so are not all equipotent
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| inhibit all phases of gastic acid secretion | histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)
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| inhibit only the gastic acid secretion | proton pump inhibitor
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| potency is measures by ANC (the amount of acid buffered or neutralzied per dose over a specific period of time and ranges vary from 6-60 [per 15 mL of liquid antacid] | mEq of acid-neutrilization capacity per does of antacid
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| which antacids have the shortest dose | sodium bicarbonate adn magnesium hydroxide
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| which antacids have the longest duration of action | aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate
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| an antacid combination product that gives you an intermediate duration | aluminum and magnesium hydroxide (the combined side effect of constipation and diarrhea should give you a good product, diarrhea if any predominates)
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| antacids are approved for what indication and not approved for what | tx of heartburn, sour stomach, acid indigestion, over eatting. Not officially approved for GERD but may help
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| the four salt forms of magnesium that have antacied properties are | oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, trisilicate
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| which antacid ingredient is most common and found in wide variety of prodcuts | hydroxide
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| the most frequent and self limiting side effect of magnesium containing products escpecial hydroxide antacid is | diarrhea (magnesium toxicity is rare)
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| Aluminum also contains four salt forms but one is common used in anacid combination products and the others are rarely seen (side effect is CONSTIPATION) | hydroxide most common (carbonate, phosphate, aminoacetate
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| calcium carbonate | maybe rebound, belching, flatulence, some constipation
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| sodium bicarbonate | alka, seltzer, potent and act instantly, produces carbon dioxide gas, belching and flatulence is common, onlyh recommend for short term
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| alginic acid | reacts with sodium bicarbonate in formulation to form a coating on lining of esphagus to protect but not effective if patient lies down
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| four H2RA that are available OTC now ( take about 1-2 hours to work) | cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nizatidine
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| mixture of al and mgOH | maalox mylanta riopan
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| magnesium/aluminum hydroxide plus simethicone | mylicon
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| magnesium hydroxide | phillips milk of magnesia (MOM)
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| NaHCO3 | alka seltzer
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| alpha galactosidase | beano
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| aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and sodium alginate | gaviscon
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| seaband adn travelaide often help relieve nausea symptoms by doing what | putting pressure on the neiguan or pericardium 6 (P6)
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| reliefBand NST | is a FDA approved device that applies a mild electric shock to P6 point
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| pharmacologic TX of nausea and vomiting | antacids H2RAs anthistamines, pyridoxine (Vit B-6), phsophorated carbohydrate solution, Oral rehydration solutions
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| Bendectin was approved by FDA but removed in 83 and contained what (useful for N/V in pregnancy) | doxylamine 10mg and pyridoxine 10 mg
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| how does phosphorated carbohydrate solutions relieve N/V | elevate osmotic pressure within gut and reduce smooth muscle contrations
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| 4 products that are used as oral rehydration solutions are | pedialyte, naturalyte, enfalyte, rehydralyte
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| antihistamines used for N/V | cyclizine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine
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| common products of phsphorated carbohydrate solutions are | emetrol, nausetrol, nausea relief
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| bonine and dramamine less drowsy contain | meclizine
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| marezine contains what durg | cyclizine (antihistamine for N/V)
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| dramamine contains | dimenhydrinate
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| a product that may help motion sickness but is NOT approved by FDA is | Ginger (Ginger Ale)
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