First Aid toxicology
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| acetaminophen OD | N-acetylcysteine (regenerates glutathione)
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| salicylate OD --> resp alk and metab acid | NaHCO3 (alkanize urine), dialysis
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| amphetamine OD (basic) | NH4Cl (acidify urine)
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| AChE inhibitor poisoning, organophosphates | atropine (anti-muscarinic), pralidoxime (regenerates AChE)
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| antimuscarinic / anticholinergic poisoning | physostigmine salicylate
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| atropine OD | physostigmine salicylate
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| beta-blocker OD | glucagon
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| verapamil OD | glucagon
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| digitalis OD | stop digitalis, normalize K+, lidocaine, anti-digitalis Fab fragments, Mg++
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| iron poisoning | deferoxamine
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| lead poisoning | EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
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| arsenic, MERcury, gold poisoning | diMERcaprol, succimer
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| copper, aresenic, gold poisoning | pencillamine ("copper pennies")
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| CN poisoning | nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
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| methemoglobin | methylene blue
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| CO poisoning | 100% O2, hyperbaric O2
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| methanol, ethylene glycol poisoning | ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole (inhibits EtOH DH)
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| opioid OD | naloxone/naltrexone
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| BZD OD | flumazenil (competitive antag at GABA receptor)
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| TCA OD | NaHCO3 (serum alkalinization)
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| heparin OD | protamine
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| warfarin OD | vit K, fresh frozen plasma (contains vit K factors)
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| tPA, streptokinase OD | aminocaproic acid
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| encephalopathy, erythrocyte basophilic stippling | lead poisoning; treat with EDTA
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| cell death due to peroxidation of membrane lipids, gastric bleeding, metab acid, scarring leading to GI obstruction | iron poisoning; treat with deferoxamine
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| atropine-like SE | TCA
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| coronary vasopasm | cocaine, sumatriptan
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| cutaneous flushing | niacine, Ca++ channel blockers, adenosine, vancomycin
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| DCM | doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin
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| torsades des pointes | class IA (quinidine) and class III (sotalol) antiarrhythmics, cisapride (used in GI to increase ACh release --> improve transit time)
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| agranulocytosis | clozapine, carbamazapine, colchicine, PTU, methimazole
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| aplastic anemia | chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs, PTU, methimazole
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| direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia | methyldopa
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| gray baby syndrome | chloramphenicol
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| hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients | INH, sulfonamides, primaquine, high dose aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin
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| thrombolytic complications | OCPs
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| cough | ACE inhibitors
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| pulmonary fibrosis | bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone
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| focal to massive hepatic necrosis | halothane, valproic acid, acetaminophen, Amanita phalloides (mushroom)
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| hepatitis | INH
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| pseudomembranous colitis | clindamycin, ampicillin
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| adrenocoritcal insufficiency | glucocorticoid withdrawl (HPA suppression)
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| gynecomastia | spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, EtOH, ketoconazole (Some Drugs Cause Awesome Knockers), estrogen, marijuana
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| hot flahes | tamoxifen, clomiphene
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| gingival hyperplasia | phenytoin
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| gout | furosemide, thiazides
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| osteoporosis | corticosteroids, heparin
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| photosensitivity | sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline (SAT for a photo)
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| SLE-like syndromes | hydralazine, phenytoin, INH, methyldopa, procainamide
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| tendonitis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage (in kids) | fluoroquinolones
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| Fanconi's syndrome | expired tetracycline, heavy metal exposure
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| interstitial nephritis | methicillin, NSAIDs
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| hemorrhagic cystitis | cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide; prevent by coadministering with mesna
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| disulfram-like reaction | disulfram, metronidazole, 1st generation sulfonyurea, certain cephalopsporins, procarbazine, some HIV drugs
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| cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, nausea) | quinidine, quinine
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| nephrogenic DI | lithium, demeclocycline
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| seizures | bupropion, imipenim/cilastatin, withdrawl from BZD/EtOH
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| tardive dyskinesia | anti-psychotics
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| nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity | polymyxins
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| nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity | aminoglycosides, loops, cisplatin, vancomycin
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| induce P450 | BCG PQRS - barbituates, carbamazapine, griseofulvin, phenytoin, quinidine, rifampin, St. John's wort, EtOH
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| inhibit P450 | PICK EGS - proteast inhibitor (HIV), INH, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit, sulfonamides
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| inhibits EtOH DH | fomeprizole
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| inhibits acetylaldehyde DH | disulfram
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| sulfa drugs | TMP-SMX, sulfasalazine, sulfonyurea, celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor), furosemide, thiazide
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Created by:
anpham26
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