Micro 01
Help!
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| beta-lactam abx | penicillins because they have a beta-lactam ring
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| penicillins bactericidal or bacteristatic? | bactericidal
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| difference between bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and animal cytoplasmic membrane | bacterial cytoplasmic membrane doesn't contain cholesterol or other sterols (except for mycoplasma pneumoniae, which has cholesterol)
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| what is the antigenic determinant of gram + bacteria? | teichoic acid (in peptidoglycan layer)
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| what is the antigenic determinant of gram - bacteria? | Endotoxin/Lipid A
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| Do gram + cells have endotoxin? | No, except for Listeria monocytogenes
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| For which organisms would you use an acid fast stain? | mycobacteria (TB or leprae), nocardia (partially acid fast), Cryptosporidium parvum (its oocysts are partially acid fast), Isospora belli (oocysts are acid fast)
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| Explain acid fast stain | 1. red stain (carbolfuchsin) 2. heat to help dye penetrate, 3.acid poured (but the mycolic acid of acid fast orgs don't dissolve in the acid - hold on to the red color), 4.methylene blue stain. Acid-fast orgs stay red, while non-acid fast stains blue.
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| What does the acid fast stain bind to? | mycolic acid in the cell wall of mycobacteria and nocardia
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| For which organism would you have to use a darkfield microscope? | Spirochetes (Treponema pallidum, Borrelia, Leptospira)
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| What's special about cell wall of chlamydia? | Cell wall doesn't have muramic acid
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| What's special about mycoplasma? | No cell wall, and cholesterol in its cytoplasmic membrane
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| Bacterial DNA | double stranded, circular
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| Bacteria are prokayotes or eukaryotes? | prokaryotes
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| Bacterial ribosome | 70S - two subunits: 50 S (targeted by erythromycin) and 30 S (targeted by tetracycline) -- protein synthesis blocked
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| Which bacteria must use host cell's machinery to acquire ATP? | Chlamydia and Rickettsia
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| Which bacterial enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide? | Catalase and Peroxidase
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| Which bacterial enzyme breaks down super oxide radicals? | Superoxide dismutase
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| Budding yeast, narrow based buds | Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus) -- the halo surrounding is the capsule made up of sugars
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| Yeast, broad based buds | Blastomyces dermatitidis
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| Fruiting body, narrow angled, branching septate hyphae | Aspergillus fumigatus
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| Wide-angled hyphae, non-septate | Mucor
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| Likes to inhabit abandoned TB cavities | Aspergillus fumigatus
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| Spherules with endospores | Coccidioides immitis
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| Southwestern US | Coccidioides immitis
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| Ohio/central Mississippi River Valley | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| Great Lakes | Blastomyces dermatitidis
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| Earthquakes --> dust | Coccidioides immitis
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| chicken farmers | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| Starlings (birds) | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| fungus whose yeast is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| fungus whose yeast looks like Mickey Mouse | Cryptococcus neoformans (fungus)
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| How to treat Cryptococcus? | Actinomycin
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| How to treat Histoplasma? | Actinomycin
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| Mechanism of actinomycin? | inhibit transcription. It does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation by RNA polymerase (also called Dactinomycin)
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| Fungus with a crown, septate, narrow angles | Aspergillus fumigatus
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| Allergies to molds -- what kind of hypersensitivity? | Type I
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| India ink stain | Cryptococcus (fungus) -- the halo surrounding is the capsule made up of sugars
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| Quellung reaction | ID bacteria with capsules. Abs bind to the capsule (opsonization) --> capsule swells with water --> can see the swelling through a microscope.
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| Obligate anaerobes (2) | Clostridium and Bacterioides
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| What conditions can destroy an endospore | Spores only by Bacillus and Clostridium. Autoclave conditions: 121 C for 15 minutes.
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| Facultative INTRACELLULAR organisms | MY LIST for YOUR INTRAmural party includes LEGIONs of SALMON, BRUssel sprouts and FRENCH fries. Mycobacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Legionella, Salmonella typhi, Brucella, Francisella tularensis.
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| Exotoxins - A (damage, toxic) and B (binding, delivery) subunits | The 2 SUBwoofers (A and B) playing ANTHRAX music is VIBRating DEEP in the CLOSet. Bacillus anthracis, Vibrio cholera, Corynebacteria diptheria, Clostridium tetani and botulinum.
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Created by:
christinapham
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