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Chapter 13 - Exploring Space

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Question
Answer
rocket   is a device that expels in one direction to move in the oppsite direction  
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thrust   the reaction force that propels a rocket forward  
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velocity   is speed in a given direction  
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orbital velocity   is the velocity a rocket must achieve to establish an orbit around Earth.  
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escape velocity   is the velocity a rocket must reach to fly beyond a plant's gravtational pull.  
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satellite   is an object that revolves around another object in space.  
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space station   is a large artificial satellite on which people can live and work for long periods.  
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space shuttle   is a spacecraft that can carry a crew into orbit,return to Earth, and then be reused for the same purpose.  
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space probe   is a spacecraft that carries scientific instruments that can collect data, but has no human crew.  
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rover   is a probe that is a small robot.  
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vacuum   is a place that is empty of all matter.  
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microgravity   is a feeling that you get when you are in orbit called weightlessness.  
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space spinoff   is an item that has uses on Earth but was originally developed for the use in space.  
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remote sensing   is a collection of information about earth and other objects in space without being in direct contact.  
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geostationary orbit   is a satellite that orbits Earth above the equator at the same rate as Earth rotates and thus stays over the same place on earth al the time.  
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How and where were rockets developed?   rocket tech. originated in china hundreds of years ago and gradually spread to other parts of the world  
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How does a rocket work?   a rocket moves forward when gases shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction  
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Newton's ____________ law of motion demonstrates the motion of a rocket   3rd; every force has an equal and opposite force or reaction  
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three types of rocket fuel   solid, liquid, ions  
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what is the main advantage of a multistage rocket?   the total weight of the rocket is greatly reduced as it rises  
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What was the space race?   it began in 1957 when the soviets launched Sputnik I into orbit  
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What does NASA stand for?   National Aeronautics and Space Administration  
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1st human in space   Yuri Gagarin  
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Who was Wernher von Braun?   he was a german scientist who designed the V2 rocket used during WWII; after the war he came to america and helped our space program accopmlish lift off  
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1st American in space   Alan Shepard  
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1st american to orbit   John Glenn  
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What was the Apollo Program?   the american effort to land astronauts on the moon  
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date of first moon landing and astronauts aboard   July 20, 1969; Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin  
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Where did the Eagle land on the moon?   Sea of Tranquility  
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What did scientists learn from analyzing moon rocks?   some rocks are the same minerals as on Earth; able to calculate ages of the rocks so when different parts of the moon were formed  
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roles of space shuttles   taking satellites into orbit, repairing satellites, and carrying astronauts and equiptment to and from space stations  
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roles of space stations   probides a place where long term observations and experiments can be carried out in space  
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common features in probes   power system, communication system, and scientific instruments to collect data and perform experiments  
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conditions in space different from on earth   near vacuum, microgravity, and extreme temperatures  
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examples of space spinoffs   velcro, bar codes, joysticks, cordless power tools, light weight metals...  
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uses of satellites   communications and collecting weather data  
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When was Sputnik I launched into orbit?   October 4, 1957  
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