Laura's part (disease/pathogens/septic shock)
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| normal flora | microorganisms that colonize a person or animal without usually causing disease (either beneficial or no effect)
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| infection | growth of pathogenic organisms in the body whether or not body function is impaired
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| disease | impaired body function; any change from a state in health
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| communicable disease | caused by a pathogen
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| noncommunicable disease | caused by a genetic or degenerative process
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| opportunistic pathogens | require special circumstances to produce disease; one will often cause a variety of infections; are commmonly encountered organisms or ones that you carry with you
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| true pathogens | able to infect a healthy host under their own power to initiate disease; usually cause one specific disease; are not so commonly encountered and are not carried with you
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| adherence factors of a pathogen | capsule, fimbriae, surface receptors, hook, viral spikes, use of host cell actin fibers to attach to and then enter the host cell (see pg. 51 for more detail)
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| collagenase | virulence exoenzyme; dissolves collagen; softens up tissue so the infection can spread
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| hyaluronidase | virulence exoenzyme; dissolves hyaluronic acid; helps infection to spread
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| exotoxins | released from live bacteria; come from both Gram + and - bacteria; are proteins; more toxic (tiny amounts have a great effect); have specific effects; heat sensitive; antigenic (stimulate an immune response)
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| endotoxins | are released from dead bacteria; come only from Gram - bacteria; are lipopolysaccharides; less toxic; more generalized effects; note heat sensitive; generally not antigenic; results in the blood: inflammation, low bp, fever, excess clotting, edema
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| toxoid | a modified exotoxin used as a vaccine
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| local infection | confined to one area of the body
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| systemic infection | throughout the body (carried by the blood)
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| septic shock | life threatening systemic response to a bacterial infection (usually caused by a Gram - organism, but other microorgansims can cause this)
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| symptoms of septic shock | swelling (edema) of the face, hands, & feet; low bp and rapid, weak pulse; dyspnea (difficultly breathing); fever; disorientation, confusion, irritability, somnolence (sleepiness)
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| treatments for septic shock | inject epinephrine; open airway (intubation or tracheostomy); oxygen if needed; restore blood volume with rapid intravenous infusion of isotonic solution; draw blood (blood gases and pathogen isolation); broad sprectrum bacteriostatic drug
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Created by:
lisaanne11